Key Technologies And Equipment Development For Descaling Of Typical Freshwater Fish Based On Water Jet

China is a big country in the world for freshwater fish breeding and production,but the development of freshwater fish processing industry is relatively slow.The freshwater fish descaling process is an important part of the pretreatment of scaled freshwater fish,and it is also a technical difficulty in the entire freshwater fish processing technology.At present,the descaling of freshwater fish in China still has the main phenomenon of manual processing,supplemented by mechanical equipment processing.The mechanization and automation of descaling of freshwater fish is not high.High-pressure water descaling,as an emerging descaling technology,has the advantages of fast and efficient,stable effects,controllable parameters,and no pollution,and can significantly reduce damage to the fish body during processing,which facilitates the recovery of fish scales and the realization of pipeline processing.Especially in the face of small-scale processing such as the central kitchen,its high-efficiency and low-loss descaling advantage is particularly prominent.However,at present,China’s high-pressure water descaling equipment is basically imported from abroad.Not only is it expensive,but because of the unclear descaling mechanism of water jets and the lack of basis for optimization of operating parameters,the jets are determined through repeated commissioning tests or manual experience.Therefore,it is necessary to study the mechanism of water jet descaling and develop an efficient and low-loss water jet descaling device.Based on the water jet cleaning method,taking catfish as the test target,the method of combining flow field simulation and descaling experiments was used to analyze the effects of changes in the main descaling parameters on the descaling effect of catfish.An optimal method for descaling parameters of catfish is proposed,and on this basis,the design and development of dewatering equipment for water jet freshwater fish is carried out.The research content of this article is as follows:(1)The relationship between the descaling parameters of freshwater fish and the stress state of the fish was discussed.Based on the fluid-structure interaction simulation,the relationship between the jet parameters(jet pressure,incident angle,and jet distance)and the force state of the freshwater fish descaling process was studied,and the changes in the combination of different jet parameters on the mechanical performance indicators of freshwater fish descaling were analyzed.The relationship curve between jet parameters and mechanical properties is given,which provides a basis for the design and optimization of water jet descaling process parameters.(2)An evaluation method based on sensory evaluation of the descaling effect of freshwater fish is proposed.Based on the principle experiments,the effects of descaling parameters(jet pressure,jet incident angle,jet distance,and feed speed)on the descaling effect(descaling rate,damage degree)were analyzed.The quadratic quadratic regression orthogonal combination test design was used.A response surface model of the influence of jet parameters on the descaling rate was constructed.Based on this,the model was optimized using MATLAB software,and the optimization results of the water jet descaling parameters with the goal of maximizing the descaling rate were obtained.(3)A design scheme for freshwater fish descaling equipment based on water jets was established.The equipment is composed of a rack,a conveying system,a water jet system and a water recycling system,which can better meet the process and work requirements of fish descaling;at the same time,the design and construction of the descaling equipment control system,based on this control system can Monitoring the two parameters of jet pressure and conveying speed has improved the level of intelligence of the equipment.Finally,a descaling prototype was established,and an optimal descaling scheme for crucian carp was obtained based on the water jet descaling prototype.