| Cyperus esculentus is an economic crop that grows underground and integrates grain,oil,animal husbandry and feeding.It grows grass on the ground and grows beans underground.The oil extracted from Cyperus esculentus is rich in unsaturated fatty acids,and the quality of the oil is very high.high.As a soybean substitute crop,Cyperus esculentus can effectively alleviate the shortage of soybeans in my country.However,since the introduction from abroad,the planting agronomy is not standardized,the quality of sowing is poor,the cost of mechanized production is high,and there is a lack of standardized cultivation techniques and matching sowing machinery,so this paper carries out design research on Cyperus esculentus seeding machinery.In this paper,according to the needs of mechanized production of Cyperus esculentus sowing in Henan,according to the material characteristics of Cyperus esculentus seeds and the agronomic requirements of Cyperus esculentus planting in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,a external hole type Cyperus esculentus metering device with low-position seeding and the Inside-filling seed metering device for cyperus esculentus were designed in this paper.Through discrete element simulation,the design parameter optimization of two kinds of Cyperus esculentus seed-metering devices is determined,and two kinds of Cyperus esculentus seed-metering devices are compared and analyzed on the basis of bench test.The development and field test of the Cyperus esculentus seeder was completed by choosing the designed Inside-filling seed metering device for cyperus esculentus.The main research contents are as follows:(1)Select the Cyperus esculentus variety "Zhongyousha 1",which is widely popularized in Henan Province,as the research object,and carry out the material property test of the Cyperus esculentus seed.Physical parameters such as hundred-grain weight,triaxial size,density and water content.And the mechanical parameters such as static friction coefficient,rolling friction coefficient and collision restitution coefficient between Cyperus esculentus seeds and different contact materials.It provides the design technical basis for the discrete element modeling of Cyperus esculentus seeds,the design of the Cyperus esculentus seed-metering devices and the discrete element simulation analysis.(2)The planting mode of 3 seeds in one hole of ridge is proposed,and combined with the material characteristics of the Cyperus esculentus seeds,the external hole type Cyperus esculentus metering device with low-position seeding and the Inside-filling seed metering device for cyperus esculentus were designed.Achieved 3grains per hole for seeding.Through theoretical analysis and calculation,the diameter of the seed metering wheel and the parameters of the type hole of the external hole type Cyperus esculentus metering device with low-position seeding,as well as the diameter of the seed metering plate and the parameters of the compound type hole of the Inside-filling seed metering device for cyperus esculentus were determined.3seeds per hole can be planted through the arrangement of 3 rows of holes in the axial direction of the seed metering wheel of the external hole type Cyperus esculentus metering device with low-position seeding.The size of the holes can be continuously adjusted to improve the adaptability to the seeds.Forcibly remove the larger seeds stuck in the type hole,and add a low-position seeding wheel below the seeding wheel to improve the hole collection performance.The Inside-filling seed metering device for cyperus esculentus adopts the axial 3-row double-type hole arrangement and the distance is relatively short,so that 3 seeds per hole can be planted in a collection hole,and the length of the inner hole of the double-type hole can be continuously adjusted to improve the adaptability to seeds..And established the three-dimensional model of two kinds of Cyperus esculentus seed-metering devices.(3)Establish the discrete element particle model of Cyperus esculentus seeds and the simulation test models of two kinds of Cyperus esculentus seed-metering devices.Using the EDEM simulation software,the single factor simulation test is used to determine the "V"-shaped groove distribution group number and linear speed ratio of seed cleaning brush and seed metering wheel,as well as the starting angle of the seed guard of the Inside-filling seed metering device for cyperus esculentus.Using quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combined simulation test,The effects of the speed of the metering wheel,the width of the type hole and the height of the seed layer on the performance of the external hole type Cyperus esculentus metering device with low-position seeding,And the influence of the speed of the seed-metering plate,the length of the inner hole of the compound hole and the height of the seed layer on the working performance of the Inside-filling seed metering device for cyperus esculentus.The simulation test results show that: for the external hole type Cyperus esculentus metering device with low-position seeding,the primary and secondary order affecting its qualified index was the speed of the metering wheel,the width of the type hole and the height of the seed layer.When the speed of the metering wheel was 22.10 r/min,the width of the type hole was 14.23 mm,and the height of the seed layer was 52.59 mm,the best qualified index was 92.11%,the missing index was 2.24%,and the multiple index was 5.65%.;For the Inside-filling seed metering device for cyperus esculentus,the primary and secondary factors affecting its qualified index are the speed of the seed-metering plate,the length of the inner hole of the compound hole,and the height of the seed layer.When the speed of the seed-metering plate was 26.34 r/min,the length of the inner hole of the compound hole was 8.28 mm and the height of the seed layer was 99.97 mm,the best qualified index was 93.50%,the missing index was 2.41%,and the multiple index was 4.10%.The bench verification test and the bench performance test were carried out for the two kinds of Cyperus esculentus seed-metering devices respectively.Combined with the bench test,a comparative analysis was carried out.Under the same sowing speed,the qualified index,missing index and broken rate of the Inside-filling seed metering device for cyperus esculentus were better than those of the external hole type Cyperus esculentus metering device with low-position seeding.The average value of the hole diameter of the Inside-filling seed metering device for cyperus esculentus was greater than the average hole diameter of external hole type Cyperus esculentus metering device with low-position seeding;when the seeding speed was low,the Inside-filling seed metering device for cyperus esculentus was lower than the multiple index of the external hole type Cyperus esculentus metering device with low-position seeding;When the seeding speed was low,the multiple index of the Inside-filling seed metering device for cyperus esculentus was smaller than the multiple index of external hole type Cyperus esculentus metering device with low-position seeding;when the sowing speed was high,the multiple index of the Inside-filling seed metering device for cyperus esculentus was greater than the multiple index of the external hole type Cyperus esculentus metering device with low-position seeding.The two kinds of Cyperus esculentus seed-metering devices had their own advantages and can meet the requirements of sowing.Considering comprehensively,the designed Inside-filling seed metering device for cyperus esculentus was selected as the design of the Cyperus esculentus seeder.(4)In this paper,an designed Inside-filling seed metering device for Cyperus esculentus was used to develop a ridge and seeder that can realize 3 seeds in one hole.It can complete the processes of ridge raising,fertilization,sowing and shaping and suppression in one operation.Through the design of the front and rear rows of ridge shovels,two ridges before and after sowing are formed to improve the consistency of sowing depth.According to the ridge-shaped design,the crushing stick has the function of shaping and crushing,and it acts as a ground wheel to make the structure of the whole machine tight.and the column teeth are designed on the outer edge of the ground wheel to solve the problem of the ground wheel slipping.The field test results show that it can meet the ridge requirements.Through the sowing performance test,the average sowing depth measured was 62.0 mm,the average hole spacing was 155.3mm,the average seeding qualified index was 92.57%,the average missing index was2.79%,and the average multiple index was 4.64%.It can well meet the technical requirements of Cyperus esculentus sowing. |
PDF Full Text Request