| Mulberry leaves are rich in nutrients,which can replace some of the livestock and poultry daily grain raw materials in the production,improve the production performance of livestock and poultry and improve the quality of livestock products.With the serious problem of people and livestock,it is imperative to promote the research and application of feed mulberry in livestock and poultry.However,the feeding effect of mulberry leaves is rarely reported in goose and duck feed,and there is no systematic analysis of the impact of different processing methods on the feeding effect.In this study,mulberry leaves were tested in Yangzhou goose and chicken duck in mulberry leaf powder,fresh leaves,fermentation and silage,to study the influence on feed utilization rate,growth performance,physiological and biochemical indicators and slaughter performance of Yangzhou goose and chicken duck,and provided reference for the diversified development and utilization of mulberry leaves.The main study results are as follows:Test 1 Effect of energy and conventional nutrient nutritional value assessment and growth and slaughter performance in Yangzhou goose dietInfluence of mulberry leaf powder on nutrient utilization of goose feed test: 300 Yangzhou goose geese were selected,divided into 5 groups,5 repeats in each group,12 repeats each.0%(0 A),2%(B),4%(C),6%(Group D)and 8%(group E)were added to the basic diet.The feeding period was 10 weeks.Then the production performance was counted during the test,and the digestibility test was conducted at 28 and 70 days of age,and feed and fecal samples were collected to determine the relevant nutritional digestion indexes.After the test,some animals were sacrificed in the carotid artery discharge,and the slaughter performance,meat quality and blood biochemical indicators were counted to determine the appropriate added amount of mulberry leaf powder.The results showed that: 1)with the increase of the added amount of mulberry leaf powder,the utilization rate of dry material,coarse ash,crude protein,crude fiber,crude fat,calcium,phosphorus and energy in the feed all showed a downward trend.2)As the increase of mulberry leaf powder in feed,28 days old goose and 70 days old goose excrement excretion,dry material,coarse ash,crude protein,crude fiber,crude fat,calcium,phosphorus and energy utilization,including the 28 days old goose feed to 8%,the dry material utilization rate between the test group and control group significantly(P <0.05).3)Compared with controls,the addition of 6% and 8%mulberry leaf powder can significantly reduce the average daily weight of Yangzhou goose and increase the material weight ratio;mulberry leaf powder to feed can reduce the total cholesterol and triglyceride content and alkaline phosphatase activity;with the addition of mulberry leaf powder,half net rate decreased,liver quality and abdominal fat decreased.Based on the above test results,the best mulberry leaf powder added in Yangzhou goose diet was determined to be 4%.Test 2 The influence of fresh mulberry leaves replacing part of diet on the growth performance,blood physiology,biochemistry and slaughter performance of Yangzhou gooseIn the test,1204-day-old Yangzhou geese were randomly divided into 4 groups with three replicates,each with 10 repeats(male and mother),and replaced with 0% fresh mulberry leaves(control group),15%,24% and 33% fresh mulberry leaves.The 4-week feeding cycle,body quality increase and daily material consumption were counted.Blood routine and blood biochemical parameters were measured at the end of the trial,and slaughter performance was determined.The test results showed that: 1)The addition of fresh mulberry leaves to the diet had a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of Yangzhou goose,significantly reducing the terminal body quality by more than 24%(P <0.05).2)Compared with the control group,the goose liver index and spleen index were increased compared with fresh mulberry leaves,but the cardiac index was decreased.Based on the comprehensive growth performance,blood biochemical indicators and meat quality test data,the added proportion of fresh mulberry leaves should be 15%.Test 3 Effect of fermented mulberry feed on the utilization rate and growth performance,blood biochemistry and slaughter performance of Yangzhou goose feedThe test geese were 22-day-old Yangzhou geese,120,randomly divided into four treatment groups,each with 10 repeats(male and mother),0% fermented mulberry leaf powder(control),4% and 8% fermented mulberry leaf powder,and raised for 2 weeks.The results showed that 1)4% than 8% had higher daily weight gain,and lower weight ratio;the addition of fermented mulberry leaves on diet but no significant change in goose blood routine(P> 0.05).2)Compared with the control meat quality index,the p H value,gray score and protein content of the goose meat in the control group did not change significantly.The diet was supplemented with 4% fermented mulberry leaf powder,and the four-flavor amino acid content of threonine,glutine,alanine and lysine was 19.5% higher than that in the control group.To sum up,adding 4% of fermented mulberry leaf powder is more conducive to improve the quality of Yangzhou goose meat and taste more delicious.Test 4 Effect of silage mulberry feed on the utilization rate,growth performance,blood biochemistry and slaughter performance of Yangzhou goose feedThe test geese were 60-day-old Yangzhou geese,with a total of 90,which were randomly divided into three treatment groups,with three replicates each,each with 10 geese(male,female and mother),and the test lasted for 4 weeks.Group 1 was a control group,group 2 added 4% fresh mulberry leaves cut into 1cm fragments;Group 3 added 4% silage mulberry leaves(fresh mulberry leaves vacuum packing,silage time is 1 month).Body weight gain and feed consumption were recorded during feeding.Slaughtering performance,meat quality,and blood biochemical indicators were determined after the test.The results showed that: 1)The mean daily weight gain in the silage group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P <0.05),and the fresh mulberry leaf group was reduced to some extent compared with the control group,indicating that the antitrophic factors in mulberry leaves could promote goose weight gain through silage.2)Compared with the control group,the values of conventional blood parameters in the test group were reduced to a certain extent,but none did not reach significant levels(P> 0.05),which showed that mulberry leaf powder using different treatments in the diet had no adverse effect on the health of geese.Fat and cholesterol levels decreased after the addition of 4% fresh mulberry leaves.The fat and cholesterol content were lower after 4% silage mulberry leaves than the fresh mulberry leaves.To sum up,the optimal addition proportion of mulberry leaves is still 4%,silage mulberry leaves is conducive to the weight growth of goose and reduce the cholesterol content of goose meat.Test 5 Effect of adding mulberry leaf powder on the production performance,blood biochemistry,slaughtering performance and meat quality of chicken head duckThe test ducks were 60-day-old,with 120 ducks,which were randomly divided into four treatment groups in three replicates each(male and mother).Replacing 0%,4%,6%,and 10% mulberry leaf powder for 4 weeks.The results showed that: 1)Compared with the control group,the 6% when adding mulberry leaf powder.Blood glucose levels decreased significantly with the addition of mulberry leaf powder(P <0.05),with the lowest at the addition of 6%.The slaughter rate,half-loading rate and full-loading rate of chicken duck with 6% mulberry leaf powder were higher,while other test groups were lower than the control group;2)Adding mulberry leaf powder can improve the amino acid and protein content in muscle.Among them,6% added groups had the highest content of four major flavor amino acids.In conclusion,the addition of 6% mulberry leaf powder is feasible to significantly improve its meat quality and reduce its cholesterol and fat content. |
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