| China’s soluble potash resources are in short supply,and more than half of them rely on the international market.Therefore,improving the utilization efficiency of potassium fertilizer can not only optimize the development of potassium resources and save non-renewable resources,but also improve crop yield and promote a virtuous circle of soil ecological environment.The potash fertilizers used in agriculture in our country are mainly potassium chloride and potassium sulfate in the form of inorganic salts.However,due to the fast dissolution rate,it cannot be effectively used by crops in time after being applied to the soil as a basic fertilizer,and is easily lost with rainfall and irrigation.Therefore,the utilization efficiency of such inorganic potassium fertilizers is only 40-50%,which leads to waste of resources and adversely affects the ecological environment.The previous research of our research group showed that compared with other inorganic fertilizers,sugar alcohol chelated calcium,magnesium and zinc have high absorption and utilization efficiency,which can effectively promote crop growth.However,the current research is seldom related to the interaction between sugar alcohols and macroelements and the response results of crops.Therefore,it is worth exploring whether the mixing of sugar alcohols with inorganic potassium（partially chelated）can improve the utilization efficiency of potassium.In this paper,sugar alcohol chelated potassium prepared by our research group is selected as the test fertilizer,which chelated potassium accounts for 30%of the total potassium content,and the rest is free potassium.We used peanut as the test plant and carried out two years of continuous experiments under field conditions.A total of 7 treatments were set up,including conventional fertilization,a mixture of sorbitol and inorganic potassium salts,commercially available sugar alcohol chelated potassium,and 4 kinds of inorganic potassium salt.Spraying was carried out at different growth periods of peanuts to explore the effects of different potassium sources on peanut yield,quality,biomass of various organs,potassium absorption and utilization,agrochemical properties of soil and root zone microbial community diversity.Finally,in this study,we used statistical analysis software to analyze the correlation,comprehensive benefit and fertilizer utilization rate of each test index,in order to provide a theoretical basis for improving the utilization efficiency of potassium fertilizer,promoting peanut production and protecting soil environmental quality.The main results of this study are as follows:1)Compared with other potassium fertilizer treatments,sugar alcohol chelated potassium can significantly improve the yield of peanut.Compared with the conventional potassium fertilizer spraying treatment,spraying sugar alcohol chelated potassium,sugar alcohol chelated potassium on the market and inorganic potassium salt（1）,inorganic potassium salt（2）,inorganic potassium salt（4）increased the yield by 16.67%,7.99%and 6.60%,13.54%,4.51%respectively.The sugar alcohol chelated potassium increased by 8.04%compared with the similar product on the market-maximum potassium,17.28%compared with the sugar alcohol+inorganic potassium salt（1）,and 10.25%compared with the average yield of four inorganic salt treatments.Combined with the weather conditions of peanut growing season,there were more rainfall in 2020,and the temperature was low,the average yield of sugar alcohol chelated potassium was 21.94%,10.97%and 15.65%higher than that of the conventional fertilization,maximum potassium,mixture of sugar alcohol and inorganic salt potassium four inorganic salt potassium,respectively.The results showed that the sugar alcohol chelated potassium could effectively enhance the ability to resist stress of peanut,and the effect was significantly better than that of other potassium fertilizer treatments.2)Sugar alcohol chelated potassium can promote the quality of peanut and accumulation of biomass.Combined the two-year test results,it can be seen that the sugar alcohol chelated potassium can effectively improve the 100 fruit weight and full fruit rate of peanut.Under adverse weather conditions（2020）,it increased by 13.19%and 6.32%respectively compared with maximum potassiumt.Sugar alcohol chelated potassium could increase the crude fat content of peanut kernel at maturity.The average value of two-year mature period data shows that compared with the other seven treatments,sugar alcohol chelated potassium increased by 8.32%,0.59%,6.34%,9.09%,7.20%,6.37%,5.68%respectively.The sugar alcohol chelated potassium can increase the biomass of stems,leaves and nuts in the whole growth period of peanut.The average value of two-year maturity data indicates that the sugar alcohol chelated potassium increased the biomass of nuts by 13.86%,10.02%,5.18%,21.24%,7.59%,24.76%,32.38%respectively,higher than other treatments.Compared with conventional fertilization treatment,the peanut shell biomass decreased by7.75%,indicating that the alcohol chelated potassium can effectively promote the growth of peanut reproductive organs.3)Sugar alcohol chelated potassium can effectively promote the migration and redistribution of potassium in peanut plants.The results of two-year experiment showed that spraying sugar alcohol chelated potassium significantly reduced the total potassium content in stems at maturity,and there was no obvious regularity in the total potassium content in roots,shells and kernels.Sugar alcohol chelated potassium can increase the potassium accumulation in stems and leaves in the early stage of peanut growth,which was lower in the later stage.In addition,it can significantly increase the potassium accumulation in roots at maturity,reduce potassium accumulation in shell,which can reduce 12.58%（2020）and16.67（2021）compared with conventional potassium fertilizer treatment.The important thing was that it can improve the potassium accumulation in nuts,compared with conventional potassium fertilizer spraying treatment,it increased by 11.03%（2020）and 18.18%（2021）.The potassium distribution rate in stems and leaves decreased in the later stage,the sugar alcohol chelated potassium treatment decreased significantly,and the potassium distribution rate in nuts increased in the later stage.4)The sugar alcohol chelated potassium can reduce the degree of soil acidification and the content of soil available potassium and available phosphorus after peanut harvest.The data of two-year field experiment showed that the soil p H of sugar alcohol chelated potassium treatment has an increasing trend,and the improvement effect was more significant in 2020,which was 0.24 unit higher than that of conventional potassium fertilizer spraying treatment,and 0.09 unit higher in 2021.After peanut harvest,the soil EC Value of inorganic potassium salt（1）and inorganic potassium salt（4）treatments showed a downward trend,and there was no significant difference among other treatments.The soil EC Value of sugar alcohol chelated potassium treatment had no obvious change after the test in 2020,and showed a downward trend in the second year.After peanut harvest of two years,the content of soil available potassium treated with sugar alcohol chelated potassium was lower than that before fertilization,showing a certain regularity.The effect of improving the content of soil available phosphorus after harvest was not significant.It can be considered that it promoted the transmission of soil available potassium and available phosphorus to the plant.5)Sugar alcohol chelated potassium can effectively improve the diversity and richness of soil root zone microbial community.The number of OTUs in peanut root zone soil treated with sugar alcohol chelated potassium was 87,which was only lower than that of inorganic potassium salt（1）treatment.Sobs,Ace and Chao1 indexes can reflect microbial community richness.Among all treatments,the three indexes of sugar alcohol chelated potassium treatment were the highest,2961.7,4296.9 and 4246.7 respectively.Shannon index better reflects community diversity.The index value of sugar alcohol chelated potassium treatment was 6.80,which was higher than other treatments.Simpson index was opposite to the above indexes,the closer the value was to 0,the greater the diversity was.The index of sugar alcohol chelated potassium was lower than that of other treatments（0.0033267）,which was in good agreement with the previous index.Among all treatments,the sugar alcohol chelated potassium treatment had the highest number ranking grade and the highest dilution curve,indicating that the treatment had the highest microbial diversity and richness in peanut root zone soil.6)The sugar alcohol chelated potassium can effectively increase the comprehensive benefit of peanut after harvest.In terms of economic benefits:the output value of sugar alcohol chelated potassium treatment was the highest.In 2020 and 2021,compared with conventional potassium fertilizer spraying treatment,it increased by 21.94%and 12.56%respectively,and compared with inorganic potassium salt（1）,（2）,（3）,（4）treatments,it increased by22.91%,0.49%,23.65%,18.89%and 0,4.76%,14.15%,6.14%respectively;In terms of environmental benefits:the sugar alcohol chelated potassium treatment was significantly better than other treatments.The soil p H of sugar alcohol chelated potassium treatment increased by 3.84%,3.95%,8.88%,4.28%（2020）,1.46%,2.21%,1.41%,1.24%（2021）respectively compared with conventional fertilization,sorbitol+inorganic potassium salt（1）,sugar alcohol chelated potassium on the market and inorganic potassium salt（1）;In terms of comprehensive benefits:taking the results in 2020 as an example,the comprehensive scores of different treatments were given through the multivariate statistical model.The highest score of sugar alcohol chelated potassium treatment was 0.87,which was increased by114.00%,102.00%,163.00%,126.00%,27.61%,106.00%,72.42%respectively compared with other treatments.Secondly,the sugar alcohol chelated potassium treatment has a significant effect on improving the utilization rate of applied potassium fertilizer in peanut kernel.The utilization rate in 2021 is higher than that of other treatments,which is second only to inorganic potassium salt（2）treatment and sorbitol+inorganic potassium salt（1）treatment in 2020.In conclusion,spraying sugar alcohol chelated potassium could increase the yield of peanut and improve the quality of kernel.In terms of potassium utilization,foliar fertilization could promote the absorption of potassium by peanut leaves and the utilization of soil nutrients by roots,thereby increasing the biomass and potassium accumulation of kernels,and reducing the content of available potassium and available phosphorus in the soil,which could deliver more and more nutrients to the plant.In addition,spraying sugar alcohol chelated potassium could also improve the richness and diversity of peanut root zone soil microbial community,and reduce soil acidification caused by traditional fertilization.Therefore,compared with other treatments,sugar alcohol chelated potassium could bring obvious comprehensive benefits to peanut. |
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