Effect Of Seed Treatment With Wood Vinegar On The Growth And Yield Of Rice And Cotton

The successful germination and emergence of crop seeds directly affect crop population establishment and yield formation,therefore,it is of great significance to explore methods to improve seed vigor.Seed coating and seed priming are two effective strategies to improve seed vigor.The seed coating technology is easy to operate for industrial promotion.Rational application of seed coating could improve seed vigor and promote seed germination and seedling growth.However,most of the seed coating agents currently used in China are mainly based on insecticidal and bactericidal pesticide ingredients,which basically do not benefit the vigor of seeds,and some even have a certain effect of inhibiting germination,or are not very friendly to the environment.Therefore,it is necessary to develop an efficient and environmentally friendly seed coating agent that can improve seed vigor and promote plant growth.In this experiment,rice variety Huanghuazhan and cotton variety Huamian 3097 were used as experimental materials,and the priming-and coating-agents using wood vinegar as the main formula were developed to provide technical support to improve the emergence rate and healthy seedling for rice and cotton under direct-seeding.The main findings of the study are as follows:1.Seed treatment with wood vinegar formula can significantly promote rice seed germination and growth and increase yieldThe seedling emergence rate of rice could be increased and the mean emergence time could be shortened by using wood vinegar as priming,formula priming,and formula coating.The best performance was achieved by formula priming,followed by wood vinegar priming,and the seed coating with formula showed a good performance on the fourth day after sowing.The germination test in the growth incubator showed that the mean germination time and mean emergence time of formula priming were shortened by 0.1d and 2.3d,respectively,compared to control.For direct seeding under field conditions,the wood vinegar and its formula could significantly improve the emergence rate,among which the wood vinegar priming,formula priming and formula seed coating improved the emergence rate by 7.1%,22.8% and 7.8%,respectively,compared to control.Seeds treated with wood vinegar and formula could also significantly promote the plant growth at vegetative and reproductive stages.The plant height,stem thickness,leaf area and dry matter accumulation of treated seed were higher than control.Formula priming resulted in an increase of 35.2% increase in spikes per unit area,14.5% increase in spikes per spike,55.7% increase in biomass and 11.5% increase in final yield compared to controls.The final yield of the formula seed coating increased by 10.9%,which was close to the formula priming.2.Seed treatment with wood vinegar formula can significantly promote cotton seed germination and growth and increase yieldThe germination and emergence rate and seedling vigor of cotton can be increased by wood vinegar priming,formula priming and formula seed coating.These seed showed a similar trend to that of rice.The formula priming achieved the best performance,and the performance of formula priming was close to that of formula seed coating.The comparison of seed treatments under incubator showed that formula priming could largely improve the seed vigor,and the germination rate,emergence rate and germination index increased by 19.3%,18.8% and 37%,respectively.For direct seeding under field,wood vinegar priming,formula priming and formula seed coating significantly increased the emergence rate by 33.5%、33.0% and 37.7%,respectively,compared with control.Treating seeds with wood vinegar and formula can significantly improve the growth status and affect the developmental process of cotton.The formula priming was the most significant with shortening the seedling stage by 7 d and prolonging the bud stage by 7 d.The plant height,stem diameter,number of branches,number of buds and bolls,leaf area and dry matter of cotton with different seed treatments were higher than those of the control.Among them,the formula priming and formula seed coating showed significant promotion in plant growth rate and dry matter accumulation.Compared with the control,the weight of single boll increased by 25.7% and the yield of seed cotton increased by 11.7% for formula priming;the number of bolls per plant increased by 2.29 and the yield of seed cotton increased by 10.5%,the lint component increased by 5.2%,and the lint yield increased by 17.9% for seed coating.