Design And Experiment Of Walking Forward Side Paving Rape Windrower

Rapeseed is an significant edible oil source in China,with its planting area ranking among the top in the world,there are 85%of rapeseed concentrated in rice-oil rotation areas in Mid-lower Yangtze River.Mechanized cutting and sunning is the main way of rapeseed harvest,it lays the rape plant in order after cutting.Next pick it up and threshing after drying,which make full use of post ripening of plants and ensure full rape grain,consistent maturity and improve the quality of rape grain.Rape plant have special biological characteristics,such as tall,many branches and intertwined.The sides laying windrower is not suitable for characteristics,the quality of side transverse strip paving should be improved,not conducive to subsequent pick up threshing,and difficult to meet the practical problems of small field operation in hilly and mountainous areas.On the basis of testing and analyzing the basic characteristics of the main varieties of rapeseed in the Mid-lower Yangtze River,in this paper,the technology scheme of dividing grain,cutting grain,conveying grain horizontally and arranging grain vertically was put forward.A walking vertical-side rape windrower was developed;Around the laying process,the design and analysis of the guide plate star wheel passive distribution device,double-layer chain conveyor finger,and the key components of the star wheel are carried out;The simulation of grain discharge process was carried out based on Adams,and the optimal parameter combination of grain discharge process was determined;The field passability and laying quality of the windrower were tested and analyzed.The main research contents are as follows:（1）The physical characteristics and shape feature of rapeseed plants in the Mid-lower Yangtze River were tested and analyzed.On the basis of systematic research on the development status of key technologies and equipment of mechanized cutting and sunning at home and abroad,the difference characteristics of plant appearance phenotype and the process of stem shear of rapeseed were tested and analyzed with Qingyouza 3,Ningyouza1838,Yuyou 28,Zhongyouza 19,Zheyouza 108 and Huayouza 62.Phenotypic test results of plant appearance showed that:Average plant height and its coefficient of variation were1729mm and 6.49%,and average minimum branch height and its coefficient of variation were 664.5 mm and 13.85%,respectively.The lowest branch height and branch number were positively correlated with plant height.When the stubble height was 300mm,the average center of gravity height and its coefficient of variation were 1172.4mm and 5.66%,respectively.The test results of shear characteristics of stem showed that:When the main stem diameter was 14mm～19mm,the maximum shear force was 292.8N,and the average shear force was 185.8N.（2）The overall design and analysis of the walking forward side paving rape windrower was exploded.The mechanical structure and working process of the whole machine are defined,and the key components include splitting device,cutting device,conveying device and laying device;The main technical parameters of the whole machine were determined.The operating speed of the unit was 0.6～1.0m/s,the transverse conveying speed ratio was1.0～1.2,the working width was 1.0m,the stubble height was 300mm～400mm,and the operating efficiency was 0.23～0.39hm²/h;Matlab software was used to establish a mathematical model to simulate and analyze the movement trajectory of the four-bar mechanism.The length of the connected rod L₃ that fits the need of adjusting the parameters of the cutting table is 350mm,and the L₁ length of the connecting rod is adjustable from164mm～426mm,so that the height of the cutting table is adjustable,and the inclination Angle of the cutting table is adjustable from 90°～120°.The process flow of the whole machine is proposed,and the process of laying rape stalks is theoretically analyzed,and the method of reducing the laying angle is obtained:reducing the speed(1when the rape leaves the header and shortening the fixed axis rotation time t₂.（3）The design of the key components of the splitting device,cutting device,conveying device and laying device was carried out.According to the appearance phenotype of rapeseed plant,the length of active grain divider was 650mm,the installation height was750mm,the maximum width and size of guide plate of passive grain divider was 280mm,and the distance between upper and lower guide plates was 400mm;The parameters of the conveying device transverse conveying speed ratio c>1;The effects of planting density,unit forward speed,width and t passive crop dividing devices on the feeding amount were analyzed,and the functional expression was obtained;according to the feeding quantity obtained the feeding quantity of the conveying chain was a ladder type distribution,and the installation distance between the conveying chain and the passive divider was 40mm,80mm and 120mm;The displacement trajectories of rape stalks under different transverse conveying speed ratios were analyzed,and the optimal transverse conveying speed ratio was 1.1～1.2;Kinematic and kinetic analysis of the drainage process was carried out,drainage equipment was developed,the contour curve of the star wheel was designed,the parameter equation of the curve of the drainage baffle was obtained,and the relative movement speed was 6.27rad/s.（4）Adams is used to simulate and analyze the drainage process and determine the optimal parameter combination.A multi-body motion simulation model was built for grain discharge process,and the influences of unit forward speed,transverse transmission speed ratio and cutting table inclination Angle on grain discharge performance were investigated;A three-factor and three-level simulation experiment was carried out with the placement Angle Y as the evaluation index,and the mathematical model of the relationship between the placement Angle and the influencing factors was established and the significance analysis was carried out;The optimization objective function was constructed with the minimum placement Angle as the objective,and the optimal combination of parameters was obtained using the Design Expert software and verification tests by simulation were carried out.Simulation results showed that:The main and secondary factors affecting the performance of grain discharge are transverse conveying speed ratio,forward speed of unit and inclination Angle of cutting table.The interaction between forward speed and transverse conveying speed ratio of unit and the interaction between forward speed and inclination Angle of cutting table have significant influence on laying Angle.The optimization results showed that:The optimal parameter combination of drainage performance is forward speed of unit 0.93m/s,transverse transmission speed ratio 1.12,cutting table inclination Angle 117.93°,the theoretical value of the optimal parameter combination of laying angle is 15.25°,the laying Angle is 14.42°,the relative error is 5.4%.（5）Field passability test and function test of walking forward side paving rape windrower were carried out.The results of passability test showed that:Under the condition of soft soil,the turning radius of the windrower is 0.95m,and the slope is 20°.The windrower runs smoothly,and the impact across the gully is small,and it can be flexibly transferred in the field.Field functional test results showed that:The working parts run smoothly without blockage.The average laying angle is 17.25°,the average laying width and laying height are 752mm and 323mm respectively,which can meet the actual production demand.