Design And Experimental Research On The Mechanical Structure Of The Sowing Of Fritillaria In Hilly And Mountainous Areas

Fritillaria thunbergii Miq is one of the eight traditional Chinese medicinal materials in Zhejiang province.It has a long history of application,extremely high medicinal value,and huge market demand.In the fight against the Corona Virus Disease 2019,the medicine containing Fritillaria plays an important role.Planting is the key to the production of Fritillaria,which directly affects the benefits of the Fritillaria industry.The research topic of this paper comes from the sub-project of the national "13th Five-Year" key research and development plan project "Integration and demonstration of key technologies for the whole process of mechanization of moderate-scale production of medicinal materials in hilly and mountainous areas"(2018YFD0701103).To solve the problems of high labor intensity,labor shortage,and low degree of mechanization in the planting process of Fritillaria,drawing on the research status of stem crop planters,combined with the topographical features of the hilly and mountainous areas of Zhejiang,a small chain-spoon type Fritillaria seeder based on the operation in the hilly and mountainous areas of Zhejiang was designed,and conduct structural design and experiments and research.The main contents and results are as follows:(1)On-the-spot research on the agronomy of Fritillaria cultivation in the hilly and mountainous areas of Zhejiang Province,taking the Fritillaria cultivars of local agricultural machinery station as the research object,determination of physical properties,stiffness coefficient,and friction properties such as shape,mass,volume,density,compression performance,the center of gravity position,etc.the physical properties of the soil in the planting area,provide data for the design and simulation of the Fritillaria seed metering device.the physical properties of the soil in the planting area,provide data for the design and simulation of the Fritillaria seed metering device.(2)On-the-spot investigation of the Pan’an Fritillaria planting base was conducted to determine the technical plan for mechanized planting of Fritillaria in hilly and mountainous areas.(3)According to the requirements of planting scale bud upward and the material characteristics of seed shellfish,the key components of the seed spoon and drive sprocket of the seed metering device were designed.The three-dimensional model of the seed metering device was established by Solid Works software,and the simulation test was carried out by EDEM software.The simulation data were processed by SPSS and Design-Expert software.Determine the optimal working parameters of the seed metering device.The optimal parameters were as follows: the forward speed of the seed metering device was0.426m/s,the inclination Angle of the seeding channel was 16.048°,and the height of the seed shell dropping off the ground was 84.017 mm.The simulation results showed that the qualified rate of scallops is 80.311%.The prototype of the seed metering device for Fritillaria was made and the field experiment was carried out.The results showed that the qualified rate of scallops was 79.25%,the replay rate was13.22%,the breakage rate was 1.12%,and the missed seeding rate was 6.41%..(4)According to the technical requirements of Zhejiang Fritillaria mechanized planting,the overall design scheme of the whole machine was determined,and the selection and design of each part of Fritillaria seeder were carried out.The structural parameters of each part were determined by theoretical calculation and empirical formula.The Solid Works software was used to establish the three-dimensional model of each component of Fritillaria seeder.The EDEM software was used to simulate the ditcher and the soil covering device.The SPSS and Design-Expert software was used to process the test data,the simulation results were as follows: the optimal entry angle of the opener is 28.7°,and the thickness of the covering layer in each row in the ridge is 3.74 cm.The Solid Works software was used to establish a THREE-DIMENSIONAL model of the whole machine of Fritillaria seeder,trial production of Fritillaria planter,and the whole machine test was carried out by the assembly of Fritillaria seeder.The results showed that the qualified rate of scallops was 79.61%,the replay rate was 12.85%,the damage rate was1.24%,and the missing rate was 6.29%.The efficiency of machine seeding is 3.6 times that of manual seeding,and planting costs are reduced by 32%.