Study On Compound Management Of Edible Fungi Under Phyllostachys Edulis Forest Based On Bamboo Chips

Aiming at the shortage of labor,rising operating cost,low price of bamboo,low efficiency of phyllostachys edulis forest management and serious abandonment of phyllostachys edulis forest,it is urgent to improve the comprehensive benefit of phyllostachys edulis forest management through the new management mode.Based on the abundant space under phyllostachys edulis forest and the low utilization rate of land resources,this study carried out the research on the compound management mode of edible fungus in phyllostachys edulis forest,the fermentation formula of high-quality bamboo chip substrate was screened,and the cultivation methods of suitable edible fungi（Dictyophora indusiata）under the phyllostachys edulis forest were optimized.Screening the suitable edible fungus（Stropharia rugosoannulata）under phyllostachys edulis forest,and analyzed and evaluated the quality of edible fungus and soil quality of phyllostachys edulis forest after planting edible fungus（Dictyophora indusiata）,and then established the compound management mode system of edible fungus under phyllostachys edulis forest,in order to provide the theoretical basis for improving the comprehensive management benefit of phyllostachys edulis forest.The main findings are as follows:1 Effect of nitrogen source addition ratio on the fermentation of bamboo slipsFresh bamboo chips as test materials,setting CK（without wheat bran）,T1（with 4%wheat bran）,T2（with 8%wheat bran）and T3（with 16%wheat bran）.It turns out,the temperature of the control group was basically constant,the fermentation temperature of each treatment was higher than that of the control.Compared with the control,the bulk density and water holding pores of each treatment increased significantly after fermentation,and the aeration pores and air-water ratio decreased significantly（P<0.05）;there were no significant differences in the values of bulk density,aeration pores,water-holding pores,and air-water ratio among the treatments（P>0.05）.There was no significant difference in the p H value of each treatment after fermentation compared with the control（P>0.05）.The EC value and total phosphorus content of each treatment were significantly higher than the control（P<0.05）.Cellulose and lignin content decreased significantly of each treatment,there was no significant difference in lignin content between each of treatment.From the perspective of T value,T3 treatment was significantly higher than T1 and T2.Studies have shown that the bulk density and water-holding porosity increase,the cellulose,lignin,aeration pores,and the air-water ratio decrease,and the C/N value decreases after the fermentation of bamboo chips,the physical and chemical properties of the bamboo chips are improved.The most suitable wheat bran ratio（nitrogen source）for substrate fermentation is 8%.2 Effects of cultivation pattern on yield and quality of fruiting body of Stropharia rugosoannulata under phyllostachys edulis forestIn order to study the effect of cultivation mode on the yield and nutritional quality of its fruit bodies.In the phyllostachys edulis forest,two substrates of bamboo chips and a mixture of bamboo chips with wheat bran were used to cultivate Stropharia rugosoannulata.The results showed that:4 tide of Stropharia rugosoannulata ould be produced by each substrate,and the second fruiting time has the highest yield,accounting for 30.84～52.34%of the total output.The yield of Stropharia rugosoannulata under the forest of phyllostachys edulis can reach6.81～7.89 kg/m²,and the yield of Stropharia rugosoannulata in mixed substrate cultivation is higher than that of the bamboo chips mode.In terms of nutritional quality,the nutrient content of the pileus is higher than stipe,the pileus protein content can reach 45.25 mg/g,the polysaccharide content can reach 2.6%,the total amino acid content is 31.7%,the essential amino acid content is 12.4%,and the mineral elements content is higher than the stipe.Therefore,the yield and nutrient content of Stropharia rugosoannulata cultivated under phyllostachys edulis forest based on the mixed bamboo chips as the cultivation substrate have been improved,and the feasibility is high,and it can be used as a new mode of bamboo forest compound management.3 Study on the composite management model of planting Dictyophora indusiata in phyllostachys edulis forestBased on four key factors:strain,planting time,planting methods and substrate volume,the L9（3⁴）orthogonal experiment design was used to carry out the cultivation experiment.The results showed that the effect of single factor on the yield of Dictyophora indusiata was as follows:substrate volume>planting mode>strain>planting time.The best planting time was the early april,and the effect of strains on the yield of Dictyophora indusiata was significant（P<0.05）,and the selected strain of 2 is the best.The effect of planting mode on the yield of Dictyophora indusiata was significantly different（P<0.05）,it is better to dig a strip of shallow trench for planting.And the volume of cultivation substrate was suitable for 30kg/m².Therefore,the best cultivation mode for imitating wild planting of Dictyophora indusiata in phyllostachys edulis forest:dig a horizontally 30 cm wide and 10 cm deep planting trench under the phyllostachys edulis forest in early April,place bamboo chip fermentation substrate of 30 kg/m²,and use the D89 strain of 2 was used for cultivation,and its dry product yield of Dictyophora indusiata reached 252.2 g/m².4 Analysis and evaluation of nutrient composition of Dictyophora indusiata pileusTaking Dictyophora indusiata cultivated under Dictyophora indusiata forest as the research object,the protein,fat,polysaccharide,mineral element and amino acid content of the pileus and mycelium（stipe+skirt）were measured,and the nutritional value of its protein was evaluated.The results showed that the protein and polysaccharides of the Dictyophora indusiata pileus were significantly higher than the mycelium（P<0.05）,and its protein content reached 31.13%.While the fat of Dictyophora indusiata pileus had no significant difference compared with the mycelium（P>0.05）,the fat content of Dictyophora indusiata pileus is1.03%.In terms of mineral element content,the calcium,magnesium,iron,copper,zinc,and selenium of Dictyophora indusiata pileus were significantly higher than the mycelium（P<0.05）,while potassium and manganese were significantly lower than the mycelium（P<0.05）.Both the pileus and the mycelium contained 17 kinds of amino acids,the total amino acid of pileus was 17.49%,which was significantly higher than that of the mycelium（P<0.05）,and it was about twice the total amino acid of the mycelium.The essential amino acid index and nutritional index of the pileus of Dictyophora indusiata were higher than those of the mycelium.Therefore,a comprehensive analysis of the nutritional components,amino acid content and protein nutritional evaluation indicators shows that the pileus has a higher nutritional value and can better meet the needs of people for essential amino acids.5 Economic benefit analysis of edible fungi cultivation pattern in phyllostachys edulis forestIn terms of economic benefits,the actual planting area per hectare of phyllostachys edulis forest is about 3000 m²,producing fresh Stropharia rugosoannulata 2.37×10⁴ kg/hm²,and the output value is 4.09×10⁵ yuan/hm²（according to the fresh wholesale price of Stropharia rugosoannulata,1,2 tidal,20 yuan/kg,3,4 tidal,10 yuan/kg calculation）,the planting cost is251,880 yuan/hm²,including strains 25,200 yuan/hm²,substrate materials,etc.31,680yuan/hm²,labor input 45,000 yuan/hm²（employment 225 labor/hm²,200 yuan/work）,irrigation facility 30,000 yuan/hm²,management cost 120,000 yuan/hm²（November,March,April,May management costs for fruiting period）.The net income of cultivating Stropharia stropharia is1.57×10⁵ yuan/hm².The actual planting area per hectare of phyllostachys edulis forest is about 3000 m²,the production of Dictyophora indusiata（dry weight）is 750 kg/hm²,the output value is 4.50×10⁵yuan/hm²（imitation wild phyllostachys edulis is 600 yuan/kg）,and the planting cost is 241,500yuan/hm².Including strains 18,000 yuan/hm²,substrate materials,etc.36,000 yuan/hm²,labor input 45,000 yuan/hm²（employment 225 labor/hm²,200 yuan/work）,irrigation facilities 30,000yuan/hm²,management cost 90,000 yuan/hm²（Dictyophora indusiata picking and drying management expenses）,drying equipment 22,500 yuan/hm²,The net income of cultivating Dictyophora indusiata is 2.09×10⁵ yuan/hm².6 Inter-annual variation of soil microbial biomass,microbial entropy and stoichiometry imbalance after planting Dictyophora in Phyllostachys edulis forestUnder Phyllostachys edulis forest,Planting Dictyophora indusiata will affect the microbial activity of soil.In order to clarify the effect of planting Dictyophora indusiata on the soil microbial biomass,soil microbial entropy and soil-microbia stoichiometry imbalance of Phyllostachys edulis forest,aiming to reveal the change of soil quality,and provide reference for the management of bamboo-fungus composite ecosystem.This study foused on the soils of non-planted Dictyophora indusiata（CK）and 0（T0）,1（T1）,and 2（T2）years after the harvest of Dictyophora indusiata,measuring the soil microbial biomass and and analyzing the relationship between soil microbial biomass,microbial entropy and soil-microbial stoichiometry imbalance of different treatments.The results showed that the soil organic carbon（SOC）and total nitrogen（TN）content,soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus（MBC,MBN,MBP）and soil microbial entropy carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus（q MBC,q MBN,q MBP）were significantly higher than the control,while the soil TP content was significantly reduced,as Dictyophora indusiata harvest time increases,soil SOC,MBN and q MBN first decreased and then increased,soil TN,TP,MBP and q MBP first increased and then decreased,soil MBC and q MBC decreased significantly.The imbalance of soil-microbial stoichiometry(C:N_imb,C:P_imb,N:P_imb)was lower at 0 years after harvest（T0）.Soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen are significantly positively correlated,soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen are negatively correlated with C:N_imb,C:P_imb,and soil microbial biomass phosphorus is positively correlated with C:P_imb and N:P_imb.The soil quality of Phyllostachys edulis forest after planting Dictyophora indusiata is better than that without planting.The planting of Dictyophora indusiata can improve the soil quality of Phyllostachys edulis forest;as Dictyophora indusiata harvest time increases,the soil quality advantage of Phyllostachys edulis forest gradually shrinked comparing with the soil,which without planting Dictyophora indusiata,The soil quality was the best in the 0 year after harvest of Dictyophora indusiata（harvest completed,sampling immediately）.7 Dynamic changes of soil enzymes and nutrients after planting Dictyophora indusiata in Phyllostachys edulis forestThe soil quality will be affected after planting Dictyophora indusiata under bamboo forest.In order to clarify the effects of soil enzymes and nutrients after different times of Dictyophora indusiata planting,providing reference for the sustainable management of bamboo-mushroom ecosystem.This study foused on the soils of non-planted Dictyophora indusiata（CK）and 0（T0）,1（T1）,and 2（T2）years after the harvest of Dictyophora indusiata,analysing soil enzymes,nutrients and the correlation analysis between them.[Result]The results showed that soil urease,sucrase and peroxidase activities,soil organic matter content were significantly higher than control group of bamboo forest after planting Dictyophora indusiata,but there was no significant change in soil p H value and soil available phosphorus.The soil polyphenol oxidase activity of T0,T2 were significantly higher than control,and there was no significant difference in T1.The content of hydrolytic nitrogen and available potassium of T0,T1 were significantly higher than that in control,and there was no significant difference between soil hydrolytic nitrogen of T2 and control,while the available potassium was significantly lower than that in control.with the increase of the time after harvestting,soil sucrase,polyphenol oxidase,organic matter decrease first and then increase,soil urease,peroxidase,hydrolytic nitrogen and available potassium decreased,and there was no significant change in soil p H and available phosphorus.Soil urease,sucrase and polyphenol oxidase were positively correlated with soil organic matter,soil polyphenol oxidase was negatively correlated with available potassium,and soil peroxidase was positively correlated with hydrolytic nitrogen and available potassium.Planting Dictyophora indusiatahas significant effect on soil enzymes activity,soil nutrient,hydrolytic nitrogen,available potassium.Soil enzymes and soil nutrient showed different trends with the increase of the time after harvesting Dictyophora indusiata,the correlation between them could be utilized as an indicator to evaluate soil fertility.The soil quality of Phyllostachys edulis forest after planting Dictyophora indusiata is better than that without planting,the soil quality was the best in the 0 year after harvest of Dictyophora indusiata（harvest completed,sampling immediately）.As Dictyophora indusiata harvest time increases,the soil quality advantage of Phyllostachys edulis forest gradually shrinked comparing with the soil,which without planting Dictyophora indusiata.In addition,the two-year forest soil rotation period after the harvest of Dictyophora indusiata is not enough to meet the conditions for replanting Dictyophora indusiata.