Study On The Cultivation By JUNCAO Spent Mushroom Substrate,the Character Of Dictyophora Indusiata

To reduce the cost of raw materials and environmental pollution during cultivation of Dictryophora echinovolvata,we have investigated the influence of spent mushroom substrate(SMS)(from Pleurotus ostreatus,Lentinus edodes,Ganoderma lucidum,Hypsizygus marmoreus,Tremella fuciformis,Pleurotus eryngii and Flammulina velutipes,)on D.indusiata mycelium and the optimal concentration as well as type of SMS during cultivation of D.indusiata were selected.Meanwhile,the effect of different Cultivation Substrates on extracellular enzyme activities,mycelium growth,commodity characteristics,nutritional quality and yield of polysaccharide at different growth stages was also analyzed.Our goal is to find out optimal level of SMS during cultivation,which not only can reduce production costs,but also achieve both economic and ecological benefits.1.Spent mushroom substrate(SMS)from Pleurotus ostreatus,Lentinus edodes,Ganoderma lucidum,Hypsizygus marmoreus,Tremella fuciformis,Pleurotus eryngii and Flammulina velutipes cultivated by Juncao technology,were used for the materials selection in producing mother culture media for the cultivation of D.indusiata mycelium..Water-soluble substance of SMS that can promote the rapid growth of D.indusiata mycelium,were extracted.Then,culture media added with different ratio of water-soluble extracts were used in growing mycelium of D.Indusiata,and then the appropriate dose of SMS extracts were screened in order to get a new formula of mother cultrue media of D.indusiata,compared with general PDA media.Results showed that water-soluble extracts from SMS of G.lucidum performed the best effect in growth of D.indusiata mycelium,and the latter grew faster compared with other spent mushroom substrates(P<0.01).D.indusiata mycelium grew faster and showed better quality while 6 g extracts from SMS G.lucidum were added to 1L mother media.2.Screening of spent mushroom substrate(SMS)of seven JUNCAO mushrooms including Pleurotus ostreatus,Lentinus edodes,Ganoderma lucidum,Hypsizygus marmoreus,Tremella fuciformi,Pleurotus eryngii and Flammulina velutipesas was conducted for the incubation of D.indusiata mycelium.Mean while,the effectes on yielding,quality and economic benefit in production of D.Indusiata.were studied when adding different ratio of the optimal spent mushroom substrate(SMS)into culture media.To obtain a comprehensive assessment of different ratio of the optimal spent mushroom substrate(SMS)medium,dry weight of single mushroom,per unit yield,and production ratio were analized by grey relational degree method.The results showed that the spent mushroom substrate(SMS)of H.marmoreus was the best one among 7 kinds of Juncao spent mushroom substrate(SMS)for D.indusiata mycelium growth.The production cost was reduced and economic benefit was increased while the formula was 20%residue of H.marmoreus,60%Juncao,and 18%bran,2%gypsum.3.In this study,bamboo shavings and juncao were set as control.4 adding gradient of SMS were set to substitute 20%,40%,60%,80%of Juncao,respectively.The effect of different Cultiveation Substrates on extracellular enzyme activities of D.indusiata mycelium at different growth stages was also analyzed,in an effort to explore the degradation pattern of Lignocellulose at different growth stages of cultivation and provide a theoretical basis for Cultivating D.indusiata.The results show that amylase and laccase levels were relatively high during the vegetative growth phase but decreased sharply at the onset of primordium formation,while the extracellular enzyme activities of carboxmethycellulase hemicellulose levels were relatively low during the vegetative growth phase but increased sharply at the onset of primordium formation.The activity of the same extracellular enzymes,secreted by D.indusiata mycelium at different culture medium,were/was different in different growth period,but followed the similar trend.4..The results show that with the increasing of H.marmoreus substrate,the moisture content,ash content,total sugar,crude protein and total amino acid content of D.indusiata fruiting bodies did not change significantly;Polysaccharide content decreased with the increasing of H.mar'moreus substrate and did not change significantly.At the same time,the polysaccharide,ash and amino acid,rude protein content of D.indusiata fruiting bodies of the 20%residue of H.marmoreus were higher than that of the D.indusiata cultivated by bamboo cultivation,but the total sugar content is slightly lower.The ash and amino acid,rude protein content of D.indusiata fruiting bodies of the 40%residue of H.marmoreus were higher than that of the D.indusiata cultivated by bamboo cultivation,but the total sugar and polysaccharide content were slightly lower.5.For edible fungi,amino acid content and composition is closely related to its digestion and absorption.In this study,Principal component analysis was used to comprehensively assess amino acid content in D.indusiata fruit cultivated with different composts.The results show that comprehensive assessment of amino acid content in D.indusiata fruit cultivated with different composts yielded different scores.Scores for Bamboo,Juncao,20%residue of H.marmoreus and 40%residue of H.marmoreus were-5.123,1.514,1.055 and 2.567,respectively.Therefore,the order of total amino acids content in D.indusiata fruit cultivated with different composts(bamboo,Juncao,20%residue of H.marmoreus,40%residue of H.marmoreus)were 40%residue of H.marmoreus>Juncao>20%residue of H.marmoreus>bamboo.Meanwhile,grey relational degree method was used to comprehensively assess the six kinds of amino acid indices(AAS,CS,SRCAA,EAAI,BV,NI).The results show that grey relational degree values of amino acid quality in D.indusiata fruit cultivated with different composts were different.Values for bamboo,Juncao,20%residue of H.marmoreus and 40%residue of H.marmoreus were 0.698,0.746,0.744 and 0.735,respectively.Therefore,the order of total amino acids quality in D.indusiata fruit cultivated with different composts(bamboo,Juncao,20%residue of H.marmoreus,40%residue of H.marmoreus)were Juncao>20%residue of H.marmoreus>bamboo>40%residue of H.marmoreus.6.The DEAE-Sephadex A-25 chromatography was used for isolating and purifying polysaccharide of D.indusiata cultivated by diferent culture medium.The results showed each polysaccharide had both component,they are(Z-DIP-1?Z-DIP-2?Z-DIP-3?Z-DIP-4)?(C-DIP-1?C-DIP-2?C-DIP-3)?(S-DIP-1?S-DIP-2)?(M-DIP-1?M-DIP-2).DEAE SephadexG-200 chromatography was used for purity identification polysaccharide of(Z-DIP-1?Z-DIP-2)?(C-DIP-1?C-DIP-2)?(S-DIP-1?S-DIP-2)?(M-DIP-1?M-DIP-2).The results showed the peaks of(Z-DIP-1?Z-DIP-2)?(C-DIP-1?C-DIP-2)?(S-DIP-1?S-DIP-2)?(M-DIP-1?M-DIP-2)are all single symmetrical peak,while the magnitude of the peak are different.