Study On High Efficiency Utilization Of Water And Nitrogen Of Facility Cherry Tomato

Based on the lack of suitable irrigation water quantity and reasonable nitrogen application parameters in the cherry tomato planting and production process of drip irrigation in desert facilities,this paper studied cherry tomato in the north of Ningxia Plain,Using a field experiment,On the basis of the routine determination of soil physicochemical properties,Design of field experiments with different drip irrigation quota and different nitrogen fertilizer application amounts,To study the mechanism of different water irrigation levels and different nitrogen application levels on the growth and development,yield and quality of drip irrigation cherry tomato in order to provide reasonable water and fertilizer management technology for drip irrigation cherry tomato planting in desert facilities,Thus effectively improve the water use efficiency,nitrogen use efficiency,yield and quality.At the same time,the accumulation of dry material and the distribution rules of nutrient elements in different growth stages of cherry tomato are analyzed,which provides a theoretical basis for further developing special drip irrigation fertilizer in different growth stages of cherry tomato and promotes the sustainable development of facility vegetable industry in Ningxia.The main results are as follows:(1)Based on the nutrient accumulation of plants in the fertilizer-free area,the estimated aeolian sandy soil nutrient supply capacity of the the experimental area(N:P2O5:K2O)was 9.55 kg·hm-2 and 36.38 kg·hm-2,226.48 kg·hm-2.The supply capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus was weak,but available potassium was strong.(2)During the whole growth period,the total amount of dry matter in cherry tomato increased first and then decreased,which complied with the "Λ" type change,the maximum in the peak period(100 days after planting)was 11094.84 kg·hm-2.The total accumulation of dry matter in each growth period changed in double "M" type and the maximum in the peak period(70 days after planting)was 2562.07 kg·hm-2,accounting for 38.90%of the cumulative dry matter in the whole growth period.Due to pruning and fruit picking,the amount and accumulation of dry matter were decreased at the beginning and end of fruiting.(3)During the whole growth period,the content of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in cherry tomato basically showed double "W" type change.Among them,the nitrogen content was the largest at the seedling stage(20 days after colonization),was 77.35 g·kg-1,the phosphorus content was the largest in the initial stage(50 days after colonization),was 16.19 g·kg-1,and the potassium content in the initial stage(60 days after colonization),was 146.91 g·kg-1.The accumulation amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in cherry tomato increased first and then decreased,the nitrogen accumulation was the largest at the end of fruiting(110 days after planting),was 144.79 kg·hm-2,accounting for 14.93%of the whole growth period,and the largest accumulation of phosphorus and potassium at the final period(100 days after colonization)was 36.00 kg·hm-2,340.95 kg·hm-2 respectively,accounting for 15.00%and 15.02%of the whole growth period.The demand for N,P2O5 and K2O in cherry tomato plants was 117.27 kg·hm-2,31.23 kg·hm-2,299.27 kg·hm-2 successively,with a ratio of 1.00:0.27:2.55.The demand for K2O throughout the whole growth period was higher than N and P2O5.(4)The growth index,photosynthetic parameters,yield and water utilization efficiency of cherry tomatoes decrease with the water rate.The quality indexes of soluble solid,soluble sugar,total acid and vitamin C content decrease with the increase of irrigation water.The mass of dry matter is gradually increased with the increase of irrigation water quantity.When the drip irrigation quota was 7500 m3·hm-2,the water utilization efficiency of cherry tomato reaches the maximum,was 6.65 kg·m-3.In this study,the highest yield of drip irrigation quota was 9000 m3·hm-2,and the yield of cherry tomato reached 52.61 t·hm-2;considering both yield and water saving,the recommended drip irrigation quota was 7500 m3·hm-2.(5)On the basis of unified application of phosphate and potassium fertilizer,it was found that the growth index,quality index and photosynthetic parameters of cherry tomato all increased first and then decreased along with the increase of nitrogen application.When nitrogen application of 675 kg·hm-2,cherry tomato had the highest soluble sugar,total acid,sugar acid ratio and vitamin C content.At the same time,the photosynthetic parameters were maximum for plant height,stem thick,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductivity,intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate.The total dry matter mass,nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen utilization rate of the cherry tomato plants were the maximum at 450 kg·hm-2.With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application,the total yield of cherry tomato will increase first and then decrease;the yield of cherry tomato and the regression equation is y=-0.0306x2+42.983x+30295,and The highest yield of nitrogen applied was 704.34 kg·hm-2.