| This study was aimed to investigate the effects of adding mannan oligosaccharides to the diet on dry matter intake(DMI),body weight,apparent nutrient digestibility,serum biochemical indicators,rumen fermentation parameters and microbial diversity of perinatal period ewes.Sixty hu sheep ewes at 85 days of pregnancy with good physical condition,similar weight(56.72±0.71 kg)were selected,,and divided them into 4 groups with 15 replicates in each group.Group I(control group)was fed with basic diet,while groups II,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were supplemented with 2.5,5 and 10 g/(piece·d)of mannan oligosaccharides in basic diet.The preparation period was 5 days,and the trial period enters on the 90th day of pregnancy.The trial end on the 14th day postpartum.The day of delivery of the ewes are recorded as the 0th day,and respectively serum are collected on the 60th day before due(-60 d),the 14th day before due day(-14 d),and the 7th day after delivery(7 d).Rumen fluid is collected on the-14 d and the 7 d.At-14 d,each group selected 3 ewes for digestion experiments,with a preparation period of 4 days and a trial period of 3 days.The experimental results show that:(1)The addition of mannan oligosaccharides in diet increased the DMI of ewes,and the DMI of ewes in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),but had no significant effect on the weight change of ewes(P>0.05).(2)The addition of mannan oligosaccharides significantly increased the intake of various nutritional indicators in ewes(P<0.05),and decreased the total energy(GE),crude protein(CP)and crude fat(EE)in ewe feed(P<0.05).However,it significantly increased the apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acidic detergent fiber(ADF)in ewes(P<0.05).(3)Adding mannan oligosaccharides reduced the paralysis rate of ewes and increased their delivery rate.The prenatal paralysis rate of group Ⅰ ewes had 20%,group Ⅱ ewes had 6.67%,and group Ⅲ and Ⅳ ewes had 0%;The delivery rates of group Ⅰ,group Ⅱ,groupⅢ and group Ⅳ ewes were 80%,86.66%,93.33%and 100%,respectively.The addition of mannan oligosaccharides significantly increased the birth weight and daily gain(ADG)of lambs(P<0.05),and reduced the diarrhea rate(10.53%,7.14%,5.00%and 2.94%,respectively in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ).(4)The addition of mannan oligosaccharides in diet significantly increased the serum total protein(TP)and glucose(GLU)content of-14 d ewes(P<0.05),and significantly increased the immunoglobulin A(IgA),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),γ-Interferon(IFN-γ)and interleukin-10(IL-10)levels content of-14 d ewes in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P<0.05),with the content of immunoglobulin G(IgG)in ewes of groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ(P<0.05).Significantly increased the IgG and IgA content of 7 d ewes in group Ⅳ,as well as the IL-10 content of group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ ewes(P<0.05).The addition of mannan oligosaccharides in diet significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)content of-14 d ewes in group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ(P<0.05),and the glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)content of 7 d ewes in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly increased(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in malondialdehyde(MDA)among the treatment groups(P>0.05).Adding mannan oligosaccharides to the diet of ewes significantly increased serum IgA,interleukin-2(IL-2),and IL-1β in group Ⅳ,lambs serum IgG and IFN-γ content in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ,ambs serum IL-6 content in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ,and ambs serum IL-10 levels in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ,andⅣ(P<0.05).(5)The addition of mannan oligosaccharides in-diet significantly reduced the pH value of rumen fluid in group Ⅲ at-14 d(P<0.05),significantly increased the total volatile acid(TVFA),acetic acid(AA),and valeric acid(VA)contents of-14 d ewes in group Ⅲ(P<0.05),and the TVFA and AA levels in group Ⅳ ewes at 7 d(P<0.05).(6)The addition of mannan oligosaccharides in diet significantly increased the chao1 index of rumen fluid in group Ⅲ ewes at-14 d(P<0.05);The addition of mannan oligosaccharides in diet significantly increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ,Spirochetes in group Ⅲ,Ruminococcus in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ,Butyrivibrio,BacteroidesYRC22,Treponema and Anaeroplasma in groups Ⅲ,and Ⅳ in the rumen of ewes at-14 d(P<0.05),and decreased the relative abundance of Prevotella in the rumen of ewes in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P<0.05).The relative abundance of Bacteroidea in group Ⅳ,Proteobacteria in group Ⅲ,and Coprococcus was increased in group Ⅱ of ewes at 7 d(P<0.05).Using PICRUSt 2 to predict the metabolic function and pathway of rumen microbiota,at the KEGG 2 level,the addition of mannan oligosaccharides significantly improved the relative abundance of rumen microbiota cofactors,repair groups,electronic carriers,and vitamin biosynthesis of-14 d ewes in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ,as well as the carbohydrate biosynthesis and C1 compound utilization and assimilation in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲand Ⅳ,the fermentation,carbohydrate decomposition,carboxylate degradation,nucleoside and nucleotide degradation in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ of ewes(P<0.05).Reduced the relative abundance of fatty acids and lipid,nucleoside and nucleotide degradation in group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ ewes(P<0.05);The addition of mannan oligosaccharides significantly increased the relative abundance of carbohydrate biosynthesis and fermentation in group Ⅳ ewes At 7 d(P<0.05).In conclusion,the addition of mannan oligosaccharide for perinatal ewes can change the rumen microflora,improve the dry matter intake and the apparent digestibility of NDF and ADF,enhance the immune function of the body,and promote the health of perinatal ewes and newborn lambs. |
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