Plant Investigation And Lawn Vegetation Management At Changsha Huanghua International Airport

Changsha Huanghua International Airport(hereinafter referred to as Huanghua Airport)is the largest international airport in Hunan Province and the gateway airport of China Pilot Free Trade Zone.In this study,the plant resources of Huanghua Airport were taken as the research object.From March 2022 to December 2022,the plant species,community types and growth conditions in the clearance area of the airport were investigated on the spot.The changes of plant diversity and community characteristics of the airport were analyzed combined with the fixed quadrat monitoring,and the scientific and effective management measures and suggestions for lawn renovation were put forward.The aim is to provide scientific basis for Huanghua Airport to transform the lawn,prevent bird damage and ensure aircraft flight.The main research results are as follows:(1)The plant resources in the clearance area of Huanghua Airport are abundant and the dominant families are obvious.A total of 90 families,221 genera and 303 species of vascular plants were recorded in the area of Huanghua Airport,among which 140 species were recorded in 43 families,76 genera and 43 species.The families with more than 10 species outside the airport include Poaceae,Asteraceae,Papilionaceae,Rosaceae and Euphorbiaceae,among which 29 species of Poaceae are the largest.Compositae accounted for 18.00%of the total number of plants,followed by 16.77%.The families with more than 10 species in the airport included Asteraceae and Poaceae,among which Asteraceae accounted for 17.86%,followed by Poaceae which accounted for 10.71%.(2)The main herbaceous vegetation in Huanghua Airport is simple in structure,but the community types in the area around the airport are complex.There were 47 plant community types in the clearance area,among which 21 were herbaceous,accounting for 60%of the total community.Herbaceous community was dominant in the airport,and it often formed a single dominant community.The vegetation outside the airport can be divided into 7 subtypes,19 groups,2 vegetation types and 4 subtypes of cultivated vegetation,which are mainly tree community,among which the artificial coniferous forest community is the most widely distributed.There are Pinus massoniana community and Cunninghamia lanceolata community.(3)The floristic geographical composition is complex.At the level of family,the seed plants can be divided into 15 distribution types,the proportion of the world widespread type is 49.35%,and the ratio of tropical and temperate species is 1.60:1.At the genus level,15 distribution types could be divided,among which the ratio of tropical genera to temperate genera was 1.01:1.Most of the families and genera of tropical and temperate components belong to dominant species and established species in community construction(4)The results of the fixed quadrat showed that the community succession had a certain regularity,especially the quadrat dominated by bare ground or broadleaf herbs,and eventually moved to the community dominated by Cynodon dactylon or single dominant community.According to the results of quadrat investigation,quadrat 3,8 and 12 were all transformed into Cynodon dactylon communities.In quadrat 20,Glycine soja community evolved into a Broussonetia papyrifera+Duchesnea indica community,and the dominant species evolved into Broussonetia papyrifera and Duchesnea indica.In quadrat 5,the community of Glycine soja+Zoysia pacifica was replaced by Zoysia pacifica,and the dominant species was replaced by Zoysia pacifica.(5)The invasive alien plants in the lawn of airport are serious,which affect the lawn landscape and increase the risk of bird situation.A total of 21 invasive plants belong to 11 families and 16 genera,among which 7 invasive plants belong to Compositae,accounting for 33%of the total species.From the subordinate level,they are all single species except Erigeron,Veronica and Lolium.There are 4 species of Grade 1 invasive species,6 species of grade 2 invasive species,1 species of grade 3 invasive species,and 7 species of grade 4 invasive species.In terms of origin,North America accounted for the largest proportion of invasive species,followed by South America and Brazil,which accounted for 52 percent of the total with 11 invasive species.(6)The most suitable grass for the lawn of Huanghua Airport is dogtooth root.Meanwhile,according to the analysis of plant phenology,it is recommended that the grass be cut at least twice a year,in April and mid-June respectively.Most of the plants in the airport lawn bloom from May to July,and bear fruit from July to October.Flowering plants increase sharply in April,reaching the peak of 103 species in May,and fruiting plants increase significantly in July,reaching the peak of 1 17 species in September.