Effect Of Spraying Ethephon On Agronomic Traits,Yield And Quality Of Peanut

In order to solve the problem of more flowers and less full fruits in peanut production,Two-factor completely randomized design was used in the experiment.Luhua No.1 was used as the test material,and the test agent was ethephon water agent（effective component 40%）.Ethephon was sprayed on 10 and 20 d after anthesis,and five concentrations of 0（CK）,200,400,600 and 800 mg/L were set.The agronomic traits,dry matter accumulation,plant nutrient content,yield and its components and quality indexes of peanuts were measured on 40,55,70 and 85 d after anthesis,and the effects of ethephon spraying period and concentration on agronomic traits,yield and quality of peanuts were studied.In order to screen out the best spraying period and concentration,so as to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for high yield cultivation and quality improvement of peanut.The main results were as follows:Compared with the same concentration and different stage:Spraying 20 days after flowering compared with spraying 10 days after flowering.After spraying ethephon 600 mg/L,the dry matter distribution coefficient at 55 d and 85 d after anthesis,the dry matter accumulation of leaves at 85 d after anthesis,full fruit rate,protein,soluble sugar,oil sub-ratio,valine,leucine,phenylalanine,lysine,histidine,arginine and total amino acid content at 20 d after anthesis were significantly higher than those at 10 d after anthesis.After spraying ethephon 800 mg/L,the main stem height at 85 d after flowering,the dry matter accumulation and distribution ratio of pods at 55 d after flowering,the total phosphorus and total potassium accumulation of pods at 55 d after flowering and the distribution ratio of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium accumulation,and the content of wood tar acid at 20d after flowering were significantly higher than those at 10 d after flowering.It can be seen that spraying 20 d after flowering has a positive effect on improving nutrient accumulation and quality of reproductive organs compared with spraying 10 d after flowering.Compared with different spraying concentrations at the same stage:After spraying ethephon at 600-800 mg/L at 10 and 20 d after anthesis,the main stem height at 55 days after anthesis was significantly lower than that of spraying ethephon at 0-200 mg/L.After spraying ethephon at 600 mg/L at 10 and 20 d after anthesis,the number of fruiting branches and dry matter accumulation of stems at 85 days after anthesis,dry matter accumulation and distribution ratio of pods at 70-85 days after anthesis,total nitrogen accumulation of pods at 40 and 70 days after anthesis,K（maximum dry matter mass）,100-seed weight,full-fruit rate,and O/L were significantly higher than CK.After spraying ethephon 600 mg/L on 10 d after flowering,the V_max was significantly higher than that of 200 and 800 mg/L.After spraying ethephon 600 mg/L on 20 d after flowering,the number of single-day and cumulative flowering was lower than that of CK,and the 100-pod weight,yield,protein,soluble sugar,valine,leucine,phenylalanine,proline and total amino acid content were increased and significantly higher than CK.It can be seen that spraying600 mg/L ethephon 20 d after flowering has a positive effect on dwarfing plants,increasing the number of bearing branches and yield and its components,and improving quality.The number of bearing branches was significantly positively correlated with100-seed weight and yield.The effective branch length was significantly positively correlated with full fruit rate and significantly negatively correlated with 100-seed weight.It can be seen that the number of fruiting branches and effective branch length play an active role in the growth of yield and its components.In summary,the single-day and cumulative flowering number of ethephon 600mg/L sprayed on 20 d after flowering was lower than that of no spraying,the number of bearing branches and pod dry matter accumulation,yield and kernel quality on 85d after flowering were higher than those of no spraying,and the dry material distribution coefficient,full fruit rate and kernel quality on 55 and 85 d after flowering were higher than those on 10 d after flowering.Principal component analysis divided 15 agronomic traits,yield and its components and main quality traits into five principal components.The principal component score ranked first when the spraying concentration was 600 mg/L 20 d after flowering.In production,it is recommended to spray 600 mg/L ethephon 20 d after flowering to reduce the number of flowers and increase the rate of full fruit,so as to solve the problem of insufficient flowers and fruits.