| Pea(Pisum sativum L.)is one of the world’s legume crops,and its nutritional value is mainly reflected in its rich content of high-quality protein and amino acids.Its flavor is excellent and it is deeply loved by consumers.Cultivated as overwintering vegetables is often done in Wuhan region and it is centrally listed in April and may of the following year,and peas are in large demand and high economic value during the New Year’s Day and Spring Festival,which can only rely on field supplies.How to bridge the market gap by locally extremely premature cultivation is a much-needed technical issue.In view of this,in this study,extremely premature pea cultivars and their cultivation patterns were screened through a 3-factorial design trial of variety,seeding period and cultivation mode to achieve local pea listing during the New Year’s Day and Spring Festival.The dynamic changes in the formation of protein components during the developmental progression of pea seed were also investigated,discussing its nutritional attributes and genetic attributes.It provides a variety and cultivation technology pattern for the extremely early cultivation of pea,and also provides a theoretical and technical basis for the quality production and germplasm identification of pea.This trial was divided into two partsTest I Screening of very early maturing pea cultivar and determination of cultivation mode: a two-year experimental study was conducted with three factors of variety,sowing date and cultivation mode,and the pea phenology,physiological indicators of cold resistance of leaves,nutritional components of commercial pods,yield level and other indicators were observed.And screened the extremely early maturing pea varieties(genotypes)and their cultivation models.Test II Quantitative and qualitative analysis of protein formation dynamics in pea seeds:Samples were taken from the tender stage,tender pod stage,green maturity stage,yellow maturity stage,and complete maturity stage of the tested pea seeds to determine the content of four protein components: water-soluble,salt soluble,alcohol soluble,and alkali soluble.Samples were taken for SDS-PAGE electrophoresis analysis,and nutritional and genetic attributes were analyzed and compared.The main results are as follows:1.Differences in pea phenology.In the screening of 8 pea varieties,3 sowing dates and2 cultivation methods,only WD-021 and WD-123 planted in the greenhouse and sown one month earlier can be listed during the new year’s day and Spring Festival.2.Differences in physiological indexes of cold tolerance of pea leaves.The physiological indexes of cold tolerance of WD-021 and WD-123 were at a high level.The physiological index of cold resistance of early sown pea leaves is generally higher than that of normal sowing.Early sown pea plants are large and enter the flowering and pod setting stage.Generally,the cold resistance is weak,so it needs to enter the flowering and pod setting stage early.The physiological indexes of cold resistance of pea leaves planted in a shed are generally lower than those in the open field,and the shed planting can effectively prevent the stress effect of low temperature on pea plants.3.Botanical morphological differences of pea.WD-051 had the largest values of pod length,pod width,leaf length,plant height,and number of main stem nodes;WD-123 has the largest pod thickness.Sowing date had no obvious effect on pod length,pod width,pod thickness and leaf length,but early sowing would limit the plant height and the number of main stem nodes of pea.Greenhouse planting can promote the pod length,pod thickness,leaf length,plant height,main stem node number and other values of pea.4.Differences in nutrient composition and yield of pea.WD-051 has the highest vitamin C content and yield;WD-008 had the highest soluble sugar content;WD-021 and WD-123 had the highest soluble protein content and dry matter content.Early sowing is beneficial to promote the accumulation of vitamin C and soluble sugar content of peas,but it will reduce the soluble protein content of peas.Planting in a shed is conducive to increasing the content of vitamin C,soluble sugar and dry matter of peas.Although the content of soluble protein will be reduced,the overall nutritional level of peas will be improved;Early sowing in a shed is beneficial to the increase of yield per unit area.5.The changes of protein components of pea seeds showed obvious sequence with the development process.The gliadin component only existed before the tender pod stage;album protein,salt soluble protein and alkaline soluble protein began to accumulate from tender pod stage,green ripening stage and yellow ripening stage respectively,and the alkaline soluble protein component gradually became the dominant component at the full ripening stage,becoming the main pea seed storage protein.The differences of protein components and content levels of pea seeds between varieties before the Yellow ripening stage were small,and the differences between germplasm at the full ripening stage were extremely significant.6.The information of seed protein electrophoresis patterns at the completion stage of pea can distinguish among accessions.The protein electrophoretic bands from seed development to tender pod stage showed strong homogeneity among varieties;At the green or yellow ripening stage,there were differences in the bands among varieties,which were still dominated by nutritional attributes;The differentiation of seed protein among varieties at the maturity stage is obvious,which has the dual attributes of nutrition and heredity.According to the specificity of seed protein at maturity,alkaline soluble protein and album protein can be preferentially used to distinguish pea germplasm.In the process of pea seed development,priority should be given to meet the needs of seed growth and development.A large amount of seed protein is stored and accumulated at the physiological maturity stage,which can not only provide nutrients for human beings,but also have the genetic characteristics of germplasm. |
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