| Eggplant(Solanum melongena L., 2n=24) originated in ancient India. China is its second area of origin. Zhejiang is one of the important eggplant cultivation provinces. However, the occurrences of verticillium wilt and gray mold diseases have seriously influenced eggplant production. Therefore, the selection of new varieties with early maturity, high quality and low temperature tolerance and strong resistance to disease is the key to solve the problem in eggplant production. In present research, varieties comparison test, production experiment, cultivation method and hybrid seed production technology were conducted on new eggplant cultivar ‘Zheqie 8’ with early maturity and high quality. The resarch provides scientific basis for popularization and application of the variety.(1) Varieties comparison test and production experiment: The detection results showed that the disease indices of verticillium wilt and bacterial wilt disease of ‘Zheqie 8’ are 32.6 and 37.1, respectively, suggesting that the cultivar had moderate resistances to them. Furthermore, the cultivar had strong tolerance to low temperature, high fruit commodity rate about 90%, and high value of commodity. In addtion, the early maturity of ‘Zheqie 8’ was better than that of ‘Zheqie 3’. The early yield and total yield of of ‘Zheqie 8’ was 7.84% and 10.6% higher than the control variety ‘Hangqie 1’, respectively.(2) Studies on grafting technology of Eggplant: A combination consisted by ‘Zheqiezhan 1’ and ‘Zheqie 8’ was selected from our research. After grafting, the early yield and total yield were 642.49 kg/667m2 and 4716.25 kg/667m2, which were increased by 39.91% and 33.41% han the control, respectively. The verticillium wilt disease was not found in the combined plants of ‘Zheqiezhan 1’ and ‘Zheqie 8’, which suggested the combination had a high resistance to verticillium wilt disease.(3) Studies on seed production technology of ‘Zheqie 8’: With the model of single row planting, three stem training and individual plant with ten fruits seed production techniques, the weight of fruit was about 2.73 g, which was increased by 11.89% than the model of double row planting and double stem training. The total yield was increased by 5.4% while there was no significant difference in 1000-grain. Therefore, the above seed production model would be the keys to improve seed yield and quality of ‘Zheqie 8’ because it could not only increase the seed yield, but also maximumly improve seed weight and germination of eggpalnt.(4) Key cultivation techniques of ‘Zheqie 8’: ①Raise robust seedlings: In order to promote much more new roots, seedlings with two or three leaves were planted in arch sheds in cloudy afternoon at about 28℃. Generally, the seedlings were watered at morning and evening with appropriate watering frequency. Seedlings were watered until the nutrition soil was white.② Strengthen field management: The fertilizers per mu consisted of 3000 kg decomposed manure, 15 kg three-nutrient compound fertilizer(15-15-15) and 120 kg superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate. Fertilizers were applicated in the middle furrow opener with a depth of 30 cm. The finishing branches should be carried out on a sunny day. The first pruning should be performed after harvesting 2-3 fruits. It was useful to comprehensive prevent and control diseases and insect pests, e.g. grey mould disease, phytophthora parasitica, aphid, thrips, red spider and yellowteamite. ③Timely harvest: The fruit shape of ‘Zheqie 8’ was long and straight. The fruits were harvested when the white ring(eggplant eye) connecting sepals and the fruits were not obvious, 16-20 days after flowering in spring and 25-30 days after flowering in winter. |
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