Study On The Ecological System Service Function And Typical Small Watershed Zoning Management In Transitional Region From Plateau To Plain Of Chengde

Transitional region from plateau to plain of Chengde refers to the junction area between the Inner Mongolia Plateau and the North China Plain,and has an important ecological status.However,limited by natural resource conditions and unreasonable large-scale development in history,and the ecological economic system services provided cannot meet the needs of multiple parties.This study explores the characteristics of land use change in transitional region from plateau to plain of Chengde,and based on the In VEST model,analyzes the changes of three key ecological service functions: water production function,soil conservation function,and carbon storage function.On the basis of clarifying the ecological environment characteristics of transitional region from plateau to plain of Chengde,Xiaoshang Village small watershed was selected as a typical area for governance demonstration.On the basis of clarifying the ecological and environmental characteristics of the transitional region from plateau to plain of Chengde,typical small watersheds were selected for ecological and economic zoning governance research.Combines the contradictions of the ecological economic system in the small watershed to propose corresponding development concepts for each ecological economic functional zone,and summarizes the corresponding development goals and technical configuration demonstrations for each functional zone.A multi-objective and multi-mode governance system is formed,and a study on the trade-off and synergy relationship ecosystem service functions in small watersheds is carried out.The research results are as follows:(1)The land use type change in 20 years was mainly characterized by the transformation of cultivated land and grassland to forest land and the mutual transformation of cultivated land and forest land.In 20 years,cultivated land and grassland decreased by 230.89 km2 and 2099.75 km2 respectively;forest land and construction land increased by 2240.75 km2 and 86.86 km2 respectively.Population,elevation,total retail sales of social consumer goods,GDP four factors are the main driving factors of land use change in transitional region from plateau to plain of Chengde.(2)The water production function and soil conservation function of transitional region from plateau to plain of Chengde fluctuated significantly from 2000 to 2019,with a significant increase in carbon storage function.The average water production volume of transitional region from plateau to plain of Chengde is 15.18×108 m3,and the average water production depth is 64.71 mm.The average soil conservation volume is 7.24×108 tons,and the average unit area soil conservation volume is 304.28t·hm-2.The average carbon storage volume is 2.55×108 tons,and the average unit area carbon storage volume is 108.75 t·hm-2.Cultivated land,forest land,and grassland are important providers of ecosystem services in transitional region from plateau to plain of Chengde.The water production services they provide account for 14.54%,48.51%,and 36.72% of the total respectively;The soil conservation services they provide account for 5.70%,71.33%,and 22.83% of the total respectively;The carbon storage services they provide account for 4.21%,70.05%,and 25.68% of the total respectively.(3)According to the functional positioning of small watersheds,divide the small watershed into 4 first-level zones:water source conservation and ecological protection zone(water source conservation zone,water source production and confluence zone),ecological water transmission and purification zone(ecological water transmission zone,water source purification zone),production and living guarantee zone(industrial development zone,living guarantee zone),beautiful rural health and wellness zone(road landscape zone,residential leisure area).Proposed governance concepts for various functional areas,with water source conservation and ecological protection zone relatively weakened,to fully utilize the water source conservation function;Ecological water transportation and purification zone focus on sand blocking and water transportation,purifying upstream water;The production and living security zone focuses on efficient use of farmland and land,with a focus on addressing non-point source pollution;Beautiful rural health and wellness zone pay attention to road slope protection,treatment of production and domestic waste in residential areas,and environmental greening.(4)The water production service and soil conservation service in small watersheds show a synergistic relationship,showing a positive correlation in all regions,with the majority showing moderate or strong positive correlations.Soil conservation service and carbon storage service show a trade-off relationship in most areas of small watersheds,with areas with extremely weak negative correlation levels accounting for 63.00% of the total area of small watersheds.Water production service and carbon storage service show a synergistic relationship overall,with a relatively large proportion of areas with extremely weak positive correlation levels,accounting for 61.77% of the entire small watershed.