Effects Of Zinc,Selenium And Calcium On Yield And Quality Of Muskmelon And Fertilization Suggestions

Netted melon is a characteristic variety of melons and fruits in Ningxia.Due to poor soil nutrients and high multiple cropping index,netted melon has problems such as cracked melon,unsightly netting and low sugar content.In order to highlight the local industrial characteristics and enhance the competitive advantage,develop selenium-enriched,zinc-rich and calcium-rich agricultural products,this experiment used’Shafei No.3’netted melon as the test material to achieve the purpose of selenium-rich,zinc-rich and calcium-rich netted melon.A total of10 treatments were set up as follows:（1）Zinc fertilizer treatment group:Under the same soil zinc application amount of 20 kg·ha^-1,Zn1(leaf spraying zinc 0.1 g·L^-1),Zn2(leaf spraying zinc 0.2 g·L^-1),Zn3(leaf spraying zinc 0.5 g·L^-1);（2）Under the same amount of selenium-enriched organic fertilizer 300 kg·ha^-1,Se1(foliar spraying Na₂Se O₄ 10 mg L^-1),Se2(foliar spraying Na₂Se O₄ 20 mg L^-1),Se3(foliar spraying Na₂Se O₄ 50 mg L^-1);（3）Under the same soil Ca application rate of 13 kg·ha^-1,Ca1(leaf spraying Ca 140 mg·L^-1),Ca2(leaf spraying Ca 280 mg·L^-1),Ca3(leaf spraying Ca 600 mg·L^-1);（4）CK（No zinc selenium calcium fertilizer）,a total of 10 treatments,through the netted melon mature late agronomic traits,leaf nutritional status and fruit quality of single factor analysis of variance,the use of principal component analysis of the quality of each treatment to conduct a comprehensive evaluation to determine the best fertilization program,to provide a scientific basis for the cultivation of netted melon in Lingwu,Ningxia,to ensure the rational application of zinc,selenium,calcium fertilizer.The main results are as follows:（1）Zinc application significantly increased the growth potential of muskmelon,reduced the cracking rate,and significantly increased the yield by 13-21%.Increase the network index,improve the internal quality;It promoted the absorption of N（nitrogen）,P（phosphorus）,K（potassium）,Mn（manganese）and Cu（copper）,and significantly increased the zinc content in the pulp.（2）Selenium application significantly increased the growth potential of muskmelon,significantly increased the yield by 14-16%,increased the net index and fruit shape index;appropriate application of selenium reduced the rate of cracking melon,excessive application of selenium increased the rate of cracking melon,significantly improved the internal quality,promoted the absorption of N,P,K,Fe（iron）,Cu,and inhibited the absorption of B（boron）and Mn.The selenium content in the meat was 21.53-39.06μg·kg^-1（FW）,reaching the selenium-rich standard,and the selenium-rich effect was significant.（3）Calcium application significantly increased the growth potential of muskmelon and significantly increased the yield by 11-20%.Calcium application increased the net index,reduced the fruit shape index,reduced the cracking rate,improved the internal quality,promoted the absorption of N,P,K,Ca,Cu,Mn and B,and inhibited the absorption of Fe.Calcium application significantly increased the calcium content in the pulp,but most of the calcium was concentrated in the peel,the calcium content in the pulp was low,and the calcium enrichment effect was poor.（4）Principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the fruits.Zn2treatment(soil application of Zn 20 kg·ha^-1+foliar spraying of Zn 0.2 g·L^-1),Se3 treatment(soil application of selenium-enriched organic fertilizer 300 kg·ha^-1+foliar spraying of Na₂Se O₃ 50 mg·L^-1),and Ca1 treatment(soil application of Ca 13 kg·ha^-1+foliar spraying of Ca 140 mg·L^-1)were recommended as the best zinc,selenium and calcium fertilizer application schemes for improving yield and efficiency of muskmelon greenhouse cultivation in Lingwu area of Ningxia.