A Study On The Impact Of Grassland Ecological Subsidies On Herding Households’ Livestock Production Efficiency And Household Income

China began to implement the grassland ecological protection subsidy and incentive policy in 2011 as a way to protect the grassland ecological environment,ensure the supply of livestock products and promote the growth of herding households’ income.As the main decision-making body of grassland livestock production,clarifying the inner changes under the guidance of grassland ecological subsidy and incentive policy is an important condition for improving the subsidy and incentive policy and accomplishing the expected objectives of the policy.The grassland ecological subsidy policy has two sides,the grass storage balance and the grazing ban mechanism make the most primary change of herding households is to reduce the livestock stock,and secondly,in order to guarantee the sustainability of herders’ life and income growth,improve the livestock production efficiency under the condition of limited production resources and livestock quantity,so as to achieve the expected goal of upgrading and transforming livestock grazing.Based on this,this paper carries out a study on the factors influencing the grassland ecological bonus policy on livestock production efficiency and household income,which is important for the next round of grassland ecological bonus policy optimization and sustainable promotion of the sustainable use of grassland resources.Based on the theory of livestock production efficiency,based on the review of domestic and foreign research results,the research data of herding households in four villages in Republican County of Qinghai Province were used to measure their production technical efficiency with livestock income and unit sheep income as output indicators.The econometric model was also used to carry out research on the factors influencing production technical efficiency such as grassland ecological compensation policy,herding household characteristics variables and livestock production variables.It was found that:(1)the comprehensive efficiency level in the region is low;(2)the amount of grassland ecological bonus has a highly significant positive impact on the comprehensive efficiency of livestock production,but the impact on its composition of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency is different;(3)household characteristics variables have different mechanisms of impact on production technical efficiency,but basically have a significant impact on it;(4)scale efficiency restricts the optimization of production technical efficiency to a certain extent,and pure technical efficiency has a relatively smaller impact on it.The influence of pure technical efficiency is relatively weak.Based on the theory of public resources and the theory of farmers’ actions,explore the factors and ways in which grassland ecological incentive policies affect farmers’ income.It is found that:(1)the implementation of the grassland ecological bonus policy has significantly increased the income of lower income herding households,and the income structure is more stable;(2)the policy of grazing ban has a certain threshold effect on herding households’ livestock production;(3)the amount of grassland ecological bonus has a significant negative relationship with the total income,livestock income and labor income of herding households and there is no "inverted U-shaped" relationship;(4)household characteristics have a significant effect on household income;(5)the amount of grassland ecological bonus has a significant negative relationship with the total income,livestock income and labor income of herding households.The hypothesis that there is a mediating effect between the amount of grassland ecological bonus and household livestock income is not valid.Based on the above findings,this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations:(1)the concrete implementation of the grassland ecological bonus policy needs to be innovated,the compensation mechanism must be optimized,and the bonus standard must be formulated according to the situation;(2)set up special loan preferential policies for livestock production,continue to optimize livestock insurance and enrich the types of loans;(3)increase the publicity of livestock management knowledge and breeding technology training;(4)optimize the redistribution of grassland,and increase the livestock production subsidy(4)Optimize the redistribution of grassland and increase the supply of livestock production.