Effects Of Different Farmland Management Measures On The Community And Functional Characteristics Of Collembolans And Mites

With the increasing attention to soil ecological functions and soil health,agricultural management measures,farmland soil biome and functional characteristics,and sustainable ecosystem development have attracted the attention of relevant scholars.Soil mesofauna have a large number of animals and are highly sensitive to environmental changes.Farmland management practices can indirectly affect the community and functional characteristics of collembolan and mites by increasing food resources for soil mesofauna and improving soil habitat.At present,as a precious land resource in China,the relevant biological indicators of black soil area still have a lot of room for exploration.In this study,different farmland management measures(such as soil tillage,nitrogen application,straw addition,and planting methods)were set up in black soil region,and soil mesofauna were separated by Tullgren dry funnel method,and community characteristic analysis and structural equation model were used to analyze and compare the community and functional characteristics of collembolans and mites under different treatments,as well as the correlation with environmental factors,in order to protect the diversity of farmland soil animals.Maintaining soil fertility and sustainable management of farmland ecosystems in black soil areas provides some scientific evidence.The results of the study are as follows:(1)Different farmland management practices had a strong impact on the community composition of collembolans and mites.Strip tillage can indirectly promote the abundance and biomass growth of soil mesofauna by improving the soil environment(p H and organic carbon),thereby effectively improving the soil health of farmland ecosystems.Compared with rotary tillage,strip tillage significantly increased the abundance and biomass of 10 taxa such as Allonychirus songi(P < 0.001).Intercropping had a significant positive effect on the density,biomass,richness and diversity of soil collembolans(P < 0.05),which was more conducive to the development of soil fauna.Compared with monocropping,intercropping significantly increased the taxa densities of Thalassaphorura macrospinata and Folsomia binoculata(P < 0.001).(2)The response strategies of different collembolans and mites to nitrogen fertilizer addition and straw addition varied by species.In the treatment with nitrogen fertilizer,53% of the abundance and biomass of the collembolan increased,such as Allonychirus songi;However,63%of mites show a decrease in abundance and biomass,such as Damaeus sp.1.The addition of straw significantly increased the density of most mite species,such as Pantelozetes sp.1,Oppiidae sp.1,and Epilohmannia sp.1(P < 0.05).However,straw reduced some of collembolan,with Proisotoma minuta being the most pronounced.(3)Based on the community-weighted average and functional diversity index analysis of life history,behavior and morphological characteristics,the collembolans and mites had lower defense ability under strip tillage and intercropping,and the collembolans had greater body weight.Under straw-free addition and monocropping,soil fauna had higher functional diversity,which indicated that appropriate reduction of human disturbance may be beneficial to the functional diversity of soil fauna.In addition,the density of collembolans and mites is mainly affected by the cultivation style,life form and their interaction.