| Feline chronic gingivostomatitis(FCGS)is an ulcerative and/or proliferative lesion of the oral cavity,typically located in the palatoglossal fold.Due to its unknown pathogenesis and slow course,it presents difficulties in treatment and high recurrence rate.Affected cats usually present with clinical symptoms such as oral pain,loss of appetite,halitosis,drooling,depression and weight loss,which severely affect the quality of life of affected cats.The oral microbiota is the second largest microbial group,with most bacteria existing in the oral cavity in a symbiotic manner and maintaining a dynamic balance.When this balance is disrupted,disease may occur.This article collects medical records of 3109 affected cats treated at three comprehensive pet hospitals in Xi’an from September 2021 to September 2022,and conducts questionnaire surveys,routine oral examinations and laboratory examinations on 61 cases with FCGS;statistical analysis of the morbidity incidence rate and characteristics of FCGS,and statistical collation of laboratory examination results to provide theoretical support for the prevention and diagnosis of this disease.Sixteen cases of FCGS treated with hemi-mouth/fullmouth tooth extraction were selected to collect oral microbiota samples before and 45 days after surgery,and six healthy adult cat oral microbiota samples were collected at the same time;microbial species were identified by16 S r DNA sequencing,to explore possible characteristic pathogens.Drug sensitivity tests were performed on the oral microbiota of FCGS affected cats;suspected pathogens were isolated and identified,and the typical strains obtained were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration using agar dilution method to provide suggestions for the selection of antimicrobial drugs.The main research results are as follows:1.Through epidemiological investigation,it was found that there was no significant correlation between the incidence of FCGS in cats in Xi’an and age,gender and breed;among FCGS affected cats,a higher proportion had not been vaccinated,had a history of wandering and were raised in multi-cat environments,and all had varying degrees of dental calculus.2.Laboratory examination results showed that FCGS affected cats generally had an increased number of neutrophils;SAA was significantly increased;calicivirus antigen positivity rate was high;there may also be problems such as loss of alveolar bone level or tooth resorption;tissue sections showed a large number of plasma cells and lymphocyte infiltration.3.Compared with oral microbiota of healthy cats,FCGS affected oral microbiota diversity increased and anaerobic bacteria abundance increased significantly.Porphyromonas spp.,Treponema spp.,and Fusobacterium spp.were enriched in affected cat’s mouth and may be potential pathogens for FCGS.After tooth extraction treatment,the composition of oral microbiota in affected cats tended to be normal.4.Gentamicin,amoxicillin,cefalexin,ceftriaxone,azithromycin,enrofloxacin,doxycycline and metronidazole were selected for in vitro drug sensitivity tests.The results showed that the oral microbiota of FCGS affected cats had high sensitivity to enrofloxacin and low sensitivity to metronidazole.5.A strain of Porphyromonas was isolated from the mouth of FCGS affected cats with high homology to ancient Porphyromonas.This clinical isolate was highly sensitive to enrofloxacin and resistant to cefalexin and metronidazole.In summary,the morbidity of FCGS in Xi’an is closely related to factors such as vaccination history,wandering history and multi-cat breeding environment;neutrophil count and SAA are elevated in affected cats with high positivity rate of calicivirus antigen.The abundance of potential pathogens in the mouth of affected cats increases after tooth extraction treatment their oral microbiota composition tends to be normal.Clinically enrofloxacin can be used as an empirical adjunctive treatment drug. |
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