| To address the production problem of insufficient soil fertility in agricultural fields in the northern drylands of China,in order to make full use of light,temperature,water and heat resources in summer idle land,improve soil quality,enhance sustainable productivity of dryland agricultural fields,establish a reasonable soybean green manure return system for land nourishment,and achieve green transformation of nutrients,this study was conducted by planting eight varieties of In this study,by planting eight varieties of soybean green manure resources Yongshouheidou,Beitianheidou,Zhonghuang 66,Puchengheidou,Baojibayuezha,Fufengbayuezha,Langaolvhuangdou and Baishuihuanghuaidou)for three consecutive years during the summer idle period,and turning and returning them to the field before wheat planting,with summer recreation(CK)as the control,we analyzed the differences in biomass and nutrient content of different soybean green manures and their effects on soil nutrients,enzyme activity and wheat yield and quality during the growth period of the subsequent wheat crop,with a view to optimizing The main findings were as follows.The main research findings are as follows;1.The above-ground dry weight of the three soybean green manures(Beitianheidou,Yongshou,heidou and Zhonghuang66)differed significantly in 2020,and the variation of the below-ground biomass was consistent with the variation of the above-ground biomass.the total dry biomass of black bean in North Tian was 2496 kg/hm2 and the above-ground dry weight was 2230 kg/hm2,and the above-ground biomass was significantly higher than that of Zhonghuang 66 by 93.57%.the three soybean green manures Among the six soybean green manure varieties(Beitianheidou,Puchengheidou,Baojibayuezha,Fufengbayuezha,Langao green soybean and Baishuihuanghuaidou)in 2021 and 2022,the total dry biomass of Beitianheidou was the largest,reaching the total nitrogen content of above-ground plants showed that Beitianheidou>Fufengbayuezha>Baojibayuezha>Langaolvhuangdou>Baishuihuanghuaidou>Puchengheidou,the total nitrogen content of below-ground plants showed that Baojibayuezha>Fufengbayuezha>Baishuihuanghuaidou>Beitianheidou>Langaolvhuangdou>Puchengheidou,the highest total phosphorus content of plants showed that Beitianheidou and Puchengheidou,and the highest total potassium content showed that Baojibayuezha>Fufengbayuezha>Baishuihuanghuaidou>Puchengheidou.The highest total phosphorus content was found in Beitianheidou and Buchengheidou and the highest total potassium content was found in Baojibayuezha.2.After different soybean green manure was returned to the field,the quick-acting nutrients and total nutrients of the soil in the 0-60 cm soil layer were increased to different degrees,and the increase in soil nutrients was mainly influenced by the biomass and nutrient content of soybean green manure.The content of fast-acting phosphorus in different soil layers in the same period showed a decreasing trend,planting black beans in Northfield significantly increased the content of fast-acting phosphorus in the soil before wheat sowing in 2020,with an increase of 15.3%compared with CK,planting Fufengbayuezha in 2021 significantly increased the content of fast-acting phosphorus in the soil 20-40 cm before wheat sowing,with an increase of 98.8%,planting Beitanheidou in 2022 turned over and returned to the field significantly increased the content of The nitrate nitrogen content of soil 10-20cm was significantly increased in 2022.3.After soybean green manure was returned to the field,all of them enhanced the photosynthetic performance of the subsequent wheat crop to different degrees.Among them,the maximum SPAD(48.9)was found in the 2021 wheat(XN 979)at the filling stage and the maximum SPAD(52.1)was found in the 2022 wheat(XN 511).The net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of wheat at flowering stage was increased by 18.69%in 2021(XN979)and 10.9%in 2022(XN511)after Beitianheidou were returned to the field in North Field.4.Soybean green manure returned to the field significantly enhanced soil enzyme activity.Green manure decomposition increased wheat flowering stage sucrase and urease activities,and the tilled and returned field of Zhonghuang 66 in 2021 significantly increased soil sucrase activity at flowering and maturity stages of wheat by 111.8%and 107.1%compared with CK;the tilled and returned field of Beitianheidou in 2022 increased soil sucrase at flowering stage of wheat by 154.95%significantly higher than CK,and the returned field Fufengbayuezha the highest soil sucrase activity at maturity was 34.8 mgC6H12O6 g-1-d-1.The increase in urease activity at flowering stage of wheat was 113.4%after the return of Beitianheidou to the field in 2021;the increase in urease activity at flowering stage of wheat was 163.6%after the return of Beitianheidou in 2022,and the difference in urease activity at maturity was not significant.after the return of Zhonghuang66 in 2020,the The highest alkaline phosphatase activity in wheat at flowering stage was 175.46%higher than the blank,and the highest alkaline phosphatase activity in wheat at maturity stage was Beitianheidou,which was 165.45%higher than CK.5.The number of spikes,grains and thousand grain weight of wheat in the following crop were significantly increased by green manure planting during summer idle period.The yield size of wheat(XNP 511)in 2022 was as follows;Beitianheidou>Yongshouheidou>Zhonghuang 66>CK,and the yield size of wheat(XNP 511)in 2022 was as follows;Beitian heidou>Pucheng heidou>Baojibayuezha>Fufengbayuezha>Langaolvhuangdou>Baishui huanghuaidou>CK.The results of the two-year experiment showed that the post-crop wheat yield increase was the largest for Beitianheidou.Soybean green manure tillage has some improvement on the nutritional quality and processing quality of wheat,the starch content of XN511 increased from 0.84%to 6.24%compared with the CK,,and the increase of wet gluten content of XN979 was 2.23%to 37.34%,the effect of tillage green manure on the settling value of post-crop wheat was not significant.In conclusion,the total dry biomass of Beitianheidou was the largest,and the aboveground total nitrogen content of the plant was the highest.Planting Beitianheidou tilled and returned to the field significantly increased the nitrate-nitrogen content of the soil 10-20 cm and improved the soil sucrase,urease and alkaline phosphatase activities during the flowering period of wheat.Baojibayuezha had the highest content of total nitrogen in the lower part of the field,planting Baojibayuezha and turning and returning the field significantly increased the fast-acting phosphorus content in 20-40 cm of the soil before wheat sowing,soil sucrase activity at wheat maturity was highest after returning the field with Fufengbayuezha,Beitianheidou increased the wet gluten content of XN511 the most,and Baojibayuezha and returning the field significantly increased the starch content of XN511.Planting and tilling northern field black beans increased the yield of subsequent wheat crops the most... |
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