Effect Of Planting Green Manure During Summer Fallow On Soil Nutrient,Growth And Yield Of Winter Wheat On Dryland

The rape and wheat were selected as the tested crops and sown in summer fallow.The trial set up the main treatment(A)and sowing volume was 7.5?15?22.5 kg· hm-2 respectively.Three return days(September 10,2016,September 20,2016,September 30,2016)as a sub-processing(B),total 9 treatments,was planted in field.(1)Research the effects of planting green manure during summer fallow on soil fertility;(2)Research the effects of planting green manure during summer fallow on growth and yield of winter wheat;(3)Research the effects of planting green manure during summer fallow on soil fertility in winter wheat growth period.Indicators include physiological indicators and agronomic characters of rape(plant height,secondary root number,root length,stem diameter,true leaf number,root vigor,chlorophyll and biomass);physiological indicators and agronomic characters of winter wheat(plant height,number of secondary roots,number of true leaves,length and width of inverted leaf,total number of turns,kernels per spike,spike number,1000-kernel weight);Soil nutrients(alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,available phosphorus,organic matter)and soil enzyme(alkaline phosphatase,sucrase,urease)activity.The results show that:1.The research shows that the plant height of rape grows with the growing period,and the stem diameter and root length of rape increase gradually with the growth period.From the seedling stage to the flowering stage of rape,the number of true leaves and secondary roots increase,but there was no significant difference between the flowering stage and mature stage.The biomass of rape was relatively high at any growth stage of rapeseed,and the average biomass of A2 was relatively high.The chlorophyll content and root vigor of green manure were no significantly.During the flowering phase of rape,the chlorophyll content A2 was greater than the rest of treatments.Al root vital is the biggest.The average chlorophyll content and root activity of A2 treatment in the mature stage of green manure were relatively high;2.The results showed that the contents of available phosphorus,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,and organic matter were significantly higher in rape sown when treated with 15 kg hm-2(A2).Some scholars have found that the rotation of green manure crops can increase various enzyme activities in the soil and promote the viability of soil microorganisms.In all growth stages of rapeseed,soil sucrase activity is highest in A3 treatment,compared with rapeseed seedling stage.The soil glucose activity during rape maturation increased 1,39 mg(glucose)g-1·(soil)·24h-1to 3.37 mg(glucose)·g-1·(soil)24h-1.Compared with the seedling stage of rapeseed,soil phosphatase during mature period increased by 0.080 mg(phenol)·g-1·(soil)-24h-1to 0.154 mg(phenol)g-1·(soil)·24h-1.Soil urease activity in rapeseed maturing stage was significantly higher than that in rapeseed flowering stage.Soil urease activity in treatment A2 and A3 increased by 0.1 mg(NH3-N)·g-1·(soil)·24h-1 to 0.2 mg(NH3-N)·g-1·(soil)·24h-1.3.With the advancement of growth,the plant height,number of tillers,number of green leaves,length and width of plowing two leaves,and dry weight accumulation of winter wheat were significantly different(P<0.05).With the growth period,the plant height of wheat changed during the jointing stage.The amplitude is the largest,and the change in heading and heading periods is small.There was a large number of tillers at the jointing stage,with the greatest differences between treatments.From the booting stage to the heading stage,with the two-stage differentiation of tillers,the small pods and dead fleas disappeared,and the differences between treatments gradually narrowed;the single wheat variety or single stem length The maximum width is about 23.50 cm and about 1.50 cm.The actual grain yield and theoretical yield of grain were delayed at the time of field return,and the sowing volume increased firstly and then decreased.The field return date was the same.The panicle number and grain number per panicle of the grain composition were different with the sowing rate and showed A2>A3>.Al;while the one-thousand-grain weight is the opposite,the performance is Al>A3>A2.In short,the effect of different return dates on the number of panicles and grains per spike is exactly the opposite of the effect of 1000-grain weight.For A2B1,A2B2 produced the highest yield.4.The rape seeding volume was 15 kg·hm-2A2 and the returning date was B2.Soil nutrients,organic matter,and soil enzyme activity were relatively good during the wheat growth period.