Design And Implementation Of An RT-Thread-Based Data Collection System For Agricultural Equipment Operations

The application of agricultural machinery operation monitoring terminals that automatically obtain the operation quality data of agricultural machinery is becoming more and more common in agricultural production,greatly improving the efficiency and rationality of agricultural machinery operation,enhancing the ability of agriculture to resist risks,making the distribution of agricultural machinery operation subsidies more accurate,increasing the income of agricultural machinery households,improving their enthusiasm for using agricultural machinery,which is of great significance to accelerate the realization of agricultural modernization.In response to the production needs of agricultural production processes,agricultural machinery management,and socialized service organizations for the detection of work indicators,recording of operating status,and evaluation of work quality of agricultural machinery,this article focuses on the intelligent transformation of traditional agricultural machinery,and conducts key technology research such as the layout of agricultural machinery detection points,the construction of heterogeneous signal real-time collection systems,and the design of multi-source data synchronization acquisition algorithms.We have developed a real-time operating system based on RT Thread for agricultural machinery operation data collection,which uses tillage depth sensors,liquid level sensors,flow sensors,counting sensors,and speed sensors to obtain operation data of agricultural machinery in different operating scenarios such as rotary tillage,sowing,and spraying;The agricultural machinery data collection terminal developed by our research institute improves the real-time performance of data collection and the correlation between parameters,providing technical support for traditional agricultural machinery operation quality evaluation,operation area calculation,and operation subsidy accounting.The main research content of this article is as follows:(1)The overall scheme design of the data collection system for agricultural machinery operation.Through practical research,the system data collection requirements have been determined.The data collection objects of this design are three working scenarios: rotary tillage,sowing,and spraying.The data collected in the rotary tillage working scenario are tillage depth data and power output shaft speed data,the data collected in the sowing working scenario is the number of seeding channels,and the data collected in the spraying working scenario is the liquid level data of the medicine box and the flow rate data of the nozzle,And the mechanical structural dimensions of agricultural machinery were measured to design an adapter bracket for data collection sensors;The overall scheme of the agricultural machinery operation data collection system was designed.Based on the system’s data collection function and real-time synchronous collection performance,the design requirements for the data collection system were proposed.Through comparative analysis,the main control chip and data collection sensor of the system were selected.Finally,the system structure was determined to be composed of four layers: application layer,operating system layer,driver layer,and hardware layer.(2)The hardware design of a heterogeneous data real-time collection system for agricultural machinery.According to the functions to be implemented by the data collection system,the hardware design of the system was completed using Altium Designer and Jialichuang EDA software based on the APM32F103ZET6 chip.The components of the minimum system circuit of the APM32 controller were determined and the circuit design was carried out,including clock circuit,reset circuit,power circuit,and debugging circuit.The interface circuit was designed based on the sensor interface model in the data acquisition module.The peripheral device model was determined based on the functions of the button module,communication module,display module,and storage module,and the circuit design was completed,Based on the circuit schematic diagrams of each module,the PCB design and sample production were completed,and relevant electronic components were welded onto the PCB,completing data collection.(3)Software design for multi-source data real-time collection system.Based on APM32F103ZET6,RT Thread kernel porting was completed.The delay time between sensor data transmission and reception was obtained by printing timestamp,and the priority and time slice of system threads were configured to achieve real-time data collection.RT Thread’s multithreading technology was used to achieve synchronization of multi-source heterogeneous signals such as UART,IIC,TTL analog signals,and digital pulses,ensuring the correlation between data,Elaborate the main program flow of the system and the scheduling process of data collection threads under three working modes in the form of a flowchart.With One Net as the remote monitoring cloud,Wi Fi communication module is used to upload data to the cloud through MQTT protocol,design filters to realize data structure conversion and filtering,complete the design of visual interface,and realize remote online display,collection and storage of job quality data.(4)Experimental verification and analysis of data collection system for agricultural machinery operation.In order to verify the performance of the data collection system,a trial production and debugging of the data collection system were conducted based on the overall system plan,hardware design,and software implementation,and validation tests were conducted;The Logic analyzer was used to test the real-time performance of the system.The test results showed that the time to complete a group of data acquisition was 76.27 ms in rotary tillage mode,21.54 ms in seeding mode,and 124.84 ms in spraying mode;The field experiment included data acquisition device testing,One Net cloud server testing,and mobile app software testing.The results showed that the average tillage depth under rotary tillage mode was20.06 cm,the average power output shaft speed was 645.53r/min,the relative error of tillage depth data measurement was below 1.1cm,the accuracy of sowing mode measurement was above 95%,the average nozzle flow rate under spraying mode was 0.1593L/min,and the liquid level data in the medicine box changed from 42 cm to 20 cm,During the field experiment,the remote monitoring visualization interface and mobile app data reception were normal,with high real-time data collection and stable and reliable system operation.