| Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L)is native to South America and was widely cultivated worldwide.The cultivation area and total output of tomatoes in China ranking first in the world.Chemical fertilizers are the material basis for the high yield and quality of tomato and other vegetable crops.However,in the cultivation of vegetables,especially in protected vegetables,excessive fertilizers and and unreasonable application of fertilizers are serious problems,resulting in low fertilizer utilization,deterioration of the soil environment,and decline in vegetable yield and quality,which restrict the sustainable development of the vegetable industry in China.In addition,continuous cropping and over-exploitation of the soil have also led to the decline of soil fertility and serious pests and diseases.The aim of fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement technology is to reduce the application of fertilizers within a certain range,and seek other alternative ways,to promote the improvement of crop yield and quality.In this study,based on conventional fertilization,the reduction of chemical fertilizers and“recommended fertilization”,combined with the application of bio-organic fertilizer and chitooligosaccharide,a total of 13 treatments were set.And the best treatment was selected by analysis of the growth,yield and quality indicators of each treatments.And on this basis,the application effect of soil disinfection by dazomet(DZ)and the chitooligosaccharide(COS)were investigated.The optimal treatment of chemical fertilizer saving and efficiency improving technology was selected.This technology can promote soil and plant health,improve the yield,quality and economic benefits of tomato,as well as reduce the fertilization and pesticide application,the results of the study are as follows:(1)Using the cultivated tomato variety‘Jinling Meiyu’as the experimental material,we investigated the effects of reduced chemical fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer treatment on the growth,photosynthesis,yield,quality and economic benefits of greenhouse tomatoes.The results showed that compared with CK1(conventional fertilization),CK2(70%conventional fertilization)has no significant effect on tomato growth,photosynthesis,and yield,and quality;70%conventional fertilization combined with bio-organic fertilizer treatment can increase tomato plant height,stem thickness,maximum leaf length,maximum leaf width,and plant photosynthetic efficiency;the treatment of CY120(70%conventional fertilization combined with 120 kg/667 m~2bio-organic fertilizer)presented the best yield.Compared with CK0(no fertilization)and CK1(conventional fertilization),the yield increased by 42.17%and 21.45%,respectively,and the income is increased by 2969.09 yuan and 2854.23 yuan per 667 m~2,CY240(70%conventional fertilization combined with 240 kg/667 m~2 biological organic fertilizer),the treatment effect ranked the second,which increased the yield by 39.03%and 18.77%respectively compared with CK0 and CK1,and increased the income by 2432.27 yuan and2317.41 yuan per 667 m~2 respectively.Compared with CK1,the nitrate content of the fruit was significantly reduced during the combined application of bio-organic fertilizer.Compared with the control,the content of soluble sugar,and soluble protein all increased significantly,the content of organic acid decreased,and the ratio of sugar to acid increased.The growth index and yield of TCK(“recommended fertilization”)showed no significantly different from that of CK1.The yield of“recommended fertilization”combined with TY120(120 kg/667 m~2 bio-organic fertilizer)was 5293.12 kg/667 m~2,but there were no difference between this treatment and TCK,as well CK1.Comprehensive growth,yield,quality indicators and benefit analysis,70%conventional fertilization combined with 120kg/667 m~2 and 70%conventional fertilization combined with 240 kg/667 m~2 are the optimal treatments.(2)Using the cultivated tomato variety‘Fortes’as the test material,on the basis of 70%conventional fertilization+120 kg/667 m~2 bio-organic fertilizer and 70%conventional fertilization+240 kg/667 m~2 of bio-organic fertilizer,combined with soil disinfection by dazomet and spraying chitooligosaccharide to study its effect on the growth,photosynthesis,yield,quality and economic benefits of tomatoes in greenhouses.Studies have shown that the combined application of bio-organic fertilizer and soil disinfection by dazomet and spraying chitooligosaccharide under the condition of reduced chemical fertilizer is better than the effects of separate treatments,but the overall effect is weaker with the increase amount of bio-organic fertilizer.Under the condition of 70%conventional fertilization and application of bio-organic fertilizer,the use of soil disinfection by dazomet and the application of chitooligosaccharide can promote tomato growth,increase leaf net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,photosynthetic pigment content and root vitality,thereby improving fruit yield and quality.Among them,the treatment ot 70%conventional fertilization+120 kg/667 m~2 bio-organic fertilizer+20 kg/667m~2 of dazomet+0.5 g/L chitooligosaccharide presented the highest yield,and at the same time,it can significantly improve tomato solubility solid content,soluble sugar content,sugar-acid ratio,and reduce nitrate content,improve tomato flavor and safety quality,and have the highest economic benefits.Compared with conventional fertilization,the yield increased by 35.2%per 667 m~2,and the income increased by 2686.43 yuan.This fertilizer application reduction and efficiency enhancement technology has application and promotion value in the high-quality,safe and efficient production of facility tomatoes. |
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