Study On The Structure And Distribution Pattern Of Squid Jigging Boat Attached Organism Community In Arabian Sea

The Arabian Sea is one of the substantial fishing grounds for producing the squid fishing industry in China,which plays a vital role in China’s marine fishery.Every year,very many squid fishing vessels from China go there to carry out squid fishing operations,and marine fouling organisms plague these squid fishing vessels.In the past,most of the research on fouling biological control technology was used to solve the fouling problem of commercial ships,and fishing vessels were not considered.Due to their special operation mode,squid fishing boats are more likely to attach fouled organisms than other fishing boats.Marine fouling organisms have been one of the major problems facing the development of the world’s fisheries industry and are a severe hazard to ship voyages.Fouling organisms increase the roughness of the ship’s hull surface,increase the resistance to navigation,cause additional loss of fuel,and reduce the economic benefits of fisheries.Therefore,the structure and diversity of fouling organisms on squid fishing vessels in the Arabian Sea are studied in depth.It provides scientific biological data to promote the development of fouling organism prevention and control technology for marine fishery equipment and take reasonable and practical measures to inhibit or reduce marine fouling organisms.To reduce the damage of fouling organisms to fishing vessels and improve the economic benefits of marine fisheries.In this study,the dominant species,diversity characteristics,attachment characteristics and distribution differences of squid fishing boat fouling community in Arabian Sea were analyzed based on real boat biological sampling survey.The main results are as follows:(1)A total of 18 species of squid fishing vessel fouling organisms were found in Arabian Sea,including 2 species of algae(including 1 green algae and 1 brown algae);8species of cirripedia,3 species of bivalves,2 species of bryozoas,2 species of polychaetes,and 1 species of hydrozoa.The dominant species were Megabalanus zebra(Y = 0.396),Megabalanus tintinnabulum(Y = 0.140),Megabalanus rosa(Y = 0.067).Among them,Megabalanus zebra,Megabalanus tintinnabulum,and Megabalanus rosa have the highest frequency and the most significant number.Hydroides were found on the surface of only one transoceanic fishing vessel,far more abundant than other fouling organisms combined,suggesting that attachment to the species occurred in other areas.The global distribution of fouling organisms shows that these fouling organisms have long been recorded in the East and South China Seas,indicating that these vessels have not caused biological invasion.(2)The results of the biological α-diversity of fouling in different hull parts showed that the bottom of the ship was the most severely fouled part,and the bow and stern were relatively severely fouled.Among them,the order of Chao1 richness index was: bottom >bow > middle > stern > waterline,and there were significant differences between bottom and waterline(P<0.01)and middle(P<0.05)respectively,and bow and waterline had significant differences(P<0.05);ACE index,Shannon index and Simpson index were not significantly different,and the order was bottom > stern > bow > waterline > middle.There was no significant difference in the α-diversity of fouling organisms on the port and starboard sides of the ship(P>0.05).The results of ACE,Chao-1,Shannon and Simpson indices all showed that: larboard > starboard,which is consistent with the results of species accumulation curve,indicating that the port side of the ship has more potential for species accumulation and the species of ship fouling organisms will continue to increase,and the difference will gradually appear with the growth of navigation time.The difference will appear progressively as the sailing time grows.The results of principal component analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between ACE index,Chao1 index and biomass and ship age and sailing time,and there was a negative correlation between Shannon and Simpson indices and navigation speed.(3)The attachment of fouling organisms to different parts of the hull was selective.The results of the principal component analysis showed that Megabalanus zebra,Megabalanus tintinnabulum,and Bugula neritina were extremely more adapted to different parts of the hull than other fouling organisms,while the algal species Enteromorpha prolifera and the bivalve species Musculus senhousia,Perna viridis only attached to a single part of the hull(waterline,bottom).To sum up,the research of fouling biological control technology should pay more attention to the hull structure and the attachment characteristics of the fouling organisms themselves;the bow,bottom,and stern are the essential parts when painting anti-fouling coatings;the middle and waterline are second,and it is necessary to choose the appropriate painting method according to the structure of different aspects to improve the use of anti-fouling coatings.Fouling organisms such as Megabalanus zebra,Megabalanus tintinnabulum,and Bugula neritina are highly adaptable.We recorded the number,length,weight,and attachment sites of ship fouling organisms to provide these biological data to gain an in-depth understanding of the attachment characteristics of fouling organisms,which is beneficial to the development of antifouling coatings and promote the development of fouling biological control technology.