Study On Efficient Utilization Technology Of Water And Fertilizer Of Corn Shallow Buried Drip Irrigation Without Film In Ordos Plateau

In this thesis,a comparative experiment of different water and fertilizer supply under maize without mulch shallow drip irrigation was carried out in the typical representative area of Ordos Plateau.According to the local government’s demands,different water and fertilizer ratios are designed,and a set of irrigation and fertilization system for maize TK601 is formulated to solve the problems of large agricultural water consumption and low fertilizer utilization rate of local farmers and herdsmen.The middle water(W2)is set to 220 m~3/mu,and the upper and lower 20%floating design low water and high water,that is,low water(W1)173 m~3/mu,high water(W3)264 m~3/mu;the medium fertilizer(N2)was set to 45 kg/mu of urea,and the low fertilizer and high fertilizer were set up by 20%floating up and down,that is,low fertilizer(N1)36 kg/mu,high fertilizer(N3)54 kg/mu.Finally,the suitable ratio of water and fertilizer is medium water and high fertilizer(W2N3)treatment.The main results are as follows:1.In addition to plant height,the rest of the above-ground physiological and morphological indexes were the highest in the middle water and high fertilizer(W2N3)treatment,although in the plant height index,the high water and high fertilizer(W3N3)treatment was the highest,but the difference was not significant compared with the middle water and high fertilizer treatment.The total root length,total root surface area,total root volume and average diameter of maize roots increased with the increase of fertilization amount under the same irrigation level.Under the same fertilization level,with the increase of irrigation amount,it showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,and all reached the maximum at the middle water and high fertilizer treatment.Regardless of any growth period,the dry matter accumulation of maize reached the maximum at the middle water and high fertilizer treatment,and the mature period was the period with the highest dry matter accumulation during the whole growth period.At this time,the dry matter accumulation of middle water and high fertilizer treatment was 520 g/plant,which was significantly different from other treatments.In all treatments,the highest yield was14223.64 kg/hm~2.2.Although the nitrogen accumulation of W2N3 treatment did not reach the maximum at jointing stage and filling stage,the difference was not significant with the maximum value,and at the maturity stage with the highest nitrogen accumulation,W2N3treatment reached the maximum value,and the difference was significant with other treatments.At the same time,the nitrogen distribution ratio of this treatment was the highest,and the grains of maize were fuller.At the harvest stage of maize,the residual amount of nitrate nitrogen decreased with the increase of soil depth in 0～60 cm soil layer,and decreased with the increase of irrigation amount,and increased with the increase of fertilization amount.3.The total water consumption during the whole growth period varied from 487.61to 644.75 mm,and the total water consumption intensity varied from 3.81 to 5.04 mm/d.In the water and fertilizer use efficiency,the water use efficiency(WUE)reached the maximum at the middle water and high fertilizer(W2N3)treatment.Irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)reached the maximum at low water and high fertilizer(W1N3)treatment.Nitrogen partial factor productivity(NPFP)reached the maximum at high water and low fertilizer(W3N1)treatment.Harvest index(HI)did not change much,ranging from 0.32 to 0.36.4.The net income ranged from 11049.52 to 17942.10 yuan/hm~2,the highest net income was medium water and high fertilizer(W2N3)treatment,and the lowest net income was low water and low fertilizer(W1N1).With the increase of fertilization,net income and output-input ratio increased.With the increase of irrigation amount,the net income and input-output ratio of high nitrogen(N3)treatment increased first and then decreased.