Study On Efficient Utilization Of Water And Fertilizer For Winter Wheat Under Drip Irrigation In Yili River Basin

Objective:Since the wasteland cultivation in the south bank of the Yili River in 2015,water and fertilizer use efficiency is low.This paper studies the physical and chemical properties of soil in winter wheat cultivated in the Yili River Basin under drip irrigation and irrigation.Based on the experimental data,mathematical statistical analysis methods were used to comprehensively evaluate water use efficiency and partial fertilizer productivity in order to obtain the drip irrigation winter wheat water and fertilizer efficient use irrigation and fertilization interval in the Yili River Basin,and set up shallow-buried drip irrigation in the area The unique climatic conditions provide a theoretical basis for optimizing water and fertilizer management for drip irrigation of winter wheat in the region.Method:In 2018-2019,the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Fourth Division Water Conservancy Bureau,the Yili River South Bank Irrigation District Management Office,and the Shihezi University Irrigation Test Joint Base adopted field trials,and the drip irrigation winter wheat"Yinong 20"with different reclamation years in the experimental station irrigation area was used Experimental materials.Before sowing in 2018,the current irrigation and fertilization system was used to study the changes in soil physical and chemical properties under the years of drip irrigation.Based on local production management experience in 2018-2019,two factors were set,irrigation and fertilization,of which three levels were set for irrigation treatment,Fertilization treatment was set at 3 levels,and a local conventional control group was set to routine control group.The experiment was completely combined design according to the"Irrigation Experiment Specification",a total of 10treatments were set up for 3 repetitions.In order to cope with windy weather in the area,three different drip irrigation capillary burial depths were set in routine control group treatment.The burial depth is 7 times of irrigation during the whole growth period(including 1 seedling water after sowing and 6 times after greening),and the fertilizer enters with water.Results:(1)The soil moisture content at the depth of 0-50 cm increases with the increase of irrigation volume,but higher irrigation volume will form stagnant water and cause waste and reduce production.The irrigation volume of 360 mm treatment is at a better level.The effects of irrigation and fertilization on the plant height,leaf area and dry matter accumulation of winter wheat were significant.As the growth period advances,it generally shows a unimodal change curve that increases first and then decreases.The performance between different water and fertilizer treatments was as follows:under the same fertilization condition,it increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount;under the same irrigation level,it increased and then decreased with the increase of fertilization amount.Different irrigation and fertilization treatments significantly affected net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),and leaf water use efficiency(WUE)of winter wheat under drip irrigation at different growth stages.As the growth period advances,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),and leaf water use efficiency(WUE)under the same irrigation conditions appear to increase with the increase in the amount of fertilization;under the same fertilization level,the amount of irrigation increases Increase first and then decrease.(2)Irrigation and fertilization had significant effects on drip irrigation winter wheat yield,thousand-grain weight,and ears per hectare.With the increase of irrigation and fertilization,the 1000-grain weight generally increased first and then decreased.The irrigation 360 mm and fertilization 900 kg/hm~2 treatment had the largest 1000-grain weight,and the number of spikes per hectare was similar to the 1000-grain weight.Yield showed that it increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount.The final output was irrigation 360mm and fertilization 600 kg/hm~2,which was 8896.04 kg/hm~2.The crop coefficient emerged at0.80,tillering at 0.93,wintering at 0.79,regreening at 0.90,jointing at 0.96,heading at 1.03,filling at 1.05,and maturity at 0.88.(3)The soil moisture content of the newly cultivated land in the Yili River Basin increased by104.3%to 182.6%compared with the natural wasteland.Even if the irrigation was stopped in the mature period,the soil moisture content of the 0-60 cm soil layer in each cultivated land was higher than that in the wasteland treatment,which was less than the uncultivated land Wasteland increased by 14.3%.Planting and irrigating newly-reclaimed wasteland in the Yili River Basin will improve the water infiltration conditions of the original wasteland soil,which will be beneficial to soil moisture regulation and storage.The soil fertility of the newly cultivated land in the Yili River Basin increased with the increase of the duration of drip irrigation application.That is to say,the total nitrogen content and soil organic matter in the0-60 cm soil layer increased with the increase in the duration of drip irrigation.The average annual growth rates of soil total nitrogen and organic matter were 0.13 g/kg and 2.17 g/kg.With the increase in the number of years of drip irrigation,according to the relevant standards for nutrient grading in the second national soil census,the soil nutrient grading has been increased by one level,which is helpful for the accumulation of carbon and nitrogen and has a positive significance for increasing crop yield.At the same time,the soil electrical conductivity of 0-10 cm soil layer increases significantly with the increase of drip irrigation duration,which may bring the risk of soil salinization.(4)The wasteland reclamation in the Yili River Basin is irrigated farmland,and the winter wheat output increases with the increase in the number of open irrigation applications.Drip irrigation applied the 4 years plot of winter wheat with the highest ear length,ear weight,and thousand-grain weight.The newly-reclaimed land 1 to 2 years had poor soil texture and less basal fertilizer.Although the winter wheat had more grains per ear,the fertility was insufficient Thousand kernels are of lower quality.(5)Under the current local conventional irrigation management,properly increasing the drip irrigation capillary burial depth can change the distribution of soil moisture content.When the burial depth is 5 cm,it is more conducive to lateral migration of water,and it can effectively wet the root zone soil and promote winter wheat root growth.,Reduce the surface runoff and the production of standing water,can play a role in saving water and increasing production.Conclusion:The normalized method was used to analyze the response indexes of winter wheat under drip irrigation in the Ili River Basin.The relative yield,water use efficiency,and net photosynthetic rate of leaves reached≥0.85 at the same time.The irrigation volume range of partial productivit≥0.5 was 340~370 mm,the fertilizer application range of the water-soluble compound fertilizer is 400~600 kg/hm~2.The suiTab.le drip irrigation capillary depth for planting drip irrigation winter wheat is 5 cm.