| In order to study the effects of lobster camphor leaf powder on breeder ducks’ reproductive performance,immune performance and intestinal health,and to explore its mechanism of action,we provide technical support for the later research on the feed addition of lobster camphor for breeder ducks and the broadening of economic benefits of lobster camphor industry.In this paper,we firstly conducted the experiments on the antibacterial effect of the steaming solution of bromelain camphor leaf powder against several common bacteria,and the experiments on the anti-mold effect of bromelain camphor leaf powder added to the raw materials of soybean meal and corn,and secondly,we conducted the feeding experiments on the dried bromelain camphor leaf powder for the breeder ducks(100days old,caged)in Youxian duck.The main results were as follows.Experiment 1,the antibacterial experiment of lobster camphor leaf powder steaming solution on six common bacteria such as Staphylococcus and Escherichia coli,and the diameter of the inhibition ring of the drug sensitive tablets was detected.It was found that there were obvious inhibition effect on Staphylococcus,Escherichia coli,yeast,Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium perfringens,and the diameter of inhibition ring increased with the concentration of drug,and there was no obvious inhibition ring in Lactobacillus culture dish.It indicates that the aqueous extract of lobster camphor leaf powder has certain inhibition effect on common bacteriaIn experiment 2,corn and soybean meal from the same batch of feed preparation were selected arbitrarily,and two experimental groups were set up with 3% and 6% of the total weight of lobelia camphor powder and a blank control group without the addition of lobelia camphor powder,respectively.The apparent conditions of mold,odor,caking and insects were observed and recorded every 7 days,and 1g sample was taken to count the number of mold colonies.The results showed that:Day 7;soybean meal 3%,6% added group and the control group were moldy,the control group appeared odor and caking,the experimental group did not.Corn 3%,6% experimental group and the control group behaved the same,both appeared moldy spots,no odor and no lumps.(2)Day 14,soybean meal 3%,6% added group and the control group both appeared in patches of mold,obvious odor and other phenomena,but the 6% group did not have lumps,while the other two groups had mild slabbing phenomenon.Corn 3%,6% experimental group and the control group,both appear in patches of mold and obvious odor phenomenon,no caking.(3)Day 21 soybean meal 3%,6% added group and the control group appeared into pieces of mold,heavy odor phenomenon and obvious lumping,corn 3%,6% experimental group and the control group now into pieces of mold,heavy odor phenomenon and obvious lumping.(4)colony count,soybean meal added group,the highest number of colonies in the control group,the fastest growth rate,3% and 6% group colony growth curve basically overlap.Corn 3%,6% group and control group,the growth rate of colony count became smaller in order with increasing concentration.The results showed that the addition of lobster camphor leaf powder into the feed has a certain effect of mold inhibitionExperiment 3: Experiment of feeding breeder ducks with 3% concentration of lobelia camphor powder diet.There were 50 breeding females and 30 breeding males of 100 days old.Two groups were established,the experimental group and the blank control group,each with 8 replicates,10 replicates for female ducks and 6 replicates for male ducks,each with 5replicates.The ducks were trained to collect sperm for 15 d after the start of the preexperiment,and a total of 4 rounds of sperm collection were conducted 20 d after the start of the formal experiment to test the sperm collection response,sperm volume,sperm viability,sperm density and frozen semen viability.The qualified frozen semen was preserved,followed by three rounds of insemination of raw and frozen semen,and the fertilization and hatching rates were counted.At the end of the experiment,two ducks in each replicate were selected for blood collection and slaughter sampling,and serum immune and antioxidant indices,immune organ index,intestinal section and cecum chyme count were examined.(1)3% experimental group compared with the blank control group of breeding ducksReproductive indicators(sperm collection response,sperm serum volume,sperm collection volume,sperm density,frozen sperm viability,fertilization rate and hatching rate of raw and frozen semen,testicular long diameter,short diameter,testicular weight,testicular organ index,spleen weight and spleen organ index,serum immunological indicators(IL-2,Ig M,Ig G,Ig A),serum antioxidant indicators(SOD,GSH-Px,CAT,MDA,T-AOC),intestinal section indexes(jejunal villus height,jejunal crypt depth,duodenal villus height,duodenal crypt depth,ileal villus height,ileal crypt depth,ileal cup cell count),and bifidobacterial colony count in cecum surimi were not significantly different(P>0.05).The number of Lactobacillus colonies and Escherichia coli in the experimental group were highly significant(P<0.01)decreased;the number of jejunal cupped cells and duodenal cupped cells in the experimental group were significantly(P<0.05)increased;the MDA in the experimental group had a decreasing trend(0.05<P<0.1).There was a highly significant(p<0.01)decrease in the experimental group of liver weight and a significant(p<0.05)decrease in the experimental group of liver organ index.(2)3% addition group compared to the blank control breeding female duckEgg production performance(average daily feed intake,average daily egg weight,egg deformation rate,egg production rate,feed-to-egg ratio);egg quality(egg shape index,egg shell strength,egg yolk specific gravity,egg white height,egg shell thickness,Hastelloy units,egg yolk color);organ indices(dominant follicle weight,dominant follicle number,follicle organ index,oviduct length,oviduct organ index);immune organ indices(liver weight,liver organ index,spleen organ index);serum immune indexes(IL-2,Ig M,Ig G);serum antioxidant indexes;intestinal section indexes;and bifidobacterial colony count did not show significant differences(P>0.05).There was a highly significant(P<0.01)decrease in E.coli count and Lactobacillus coli colony count in the experimental group;a significant(P<0.05)increase in Ig A,ovarian weight and ovarian organ index in the experimental group;and a(0.05<P<0.1)increase in CAT and dominant follicle count in the experimental group.Therefore,it can be concluded that lobster camphor leaf powder has a certain inhibitory effect on common bacteria,and has a certain anti-mold and anti-anti-mold effect when added to the feed.3% of the addition of lobster camphor leaf powder significantly(P<0.001)reduced the number of harmful intestinal flora of breeding ducks and ducklings,and had a beneficial effect on intestinal health;improved the immune performance of breeding ducks and ducklings;had no adverse effect on the egg production performance and egg quality of breeding ducks,fresh semen of breeding ducks,frozen fluid quality and other reproductive performance indexes(P>0.05).There were no adverse effects on the reproductive performance indexes such as egg production performance,egg quality,fresh semen and frozen liquid quality of the breeding duck(P>0.05). |
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