| ObjectivesTo understand the current status of fertility intention among perinatal women in Gansu province,explore the main influencing factors on their fertility intention,and understand the motivations,limiting factors,and demands for fertility policies among perinatal women in Gansu province.Propose countermeasures and suggestions for building a fertility-friendly society and promoting long-term balanced population development.MethodsThis study is a cross-sectional survey,with data sourced from the Gansu Provincial Bureau of Statistics,the Gansu Provincial Health Statistics Yearbook,and a selfdesigned survey questionnaire.The survey questionnaire adopts a convenient sampling method,and 11 cities and 14 hospitals are selected to conduct questionnaire surveys and interviews.The research subjects are 3070 perinatal women aged 20-45 who have registered for prenatal examination or are waiting for delivery in medical institutions.This study mainly uses Stata 15.0 for data analysis,uses descriptive statistics to analyze the basic situation of the interviewees,uses single factor analysis and multiple logistic regression to analyze the influencing factors of perinatal women’s fertility desire,and uses multiple response analysis to conduct chi square Goodness of fit test to understand perinatal women’s fertility motivation,limiting factors and their demands for fertility policies.Results(1)Among the personal factors,age,age at first marriage,household registration,education level and occupation were the influencing factors of fertility intention,and the differences were statistically significant(P< 0.05).Among the family factors,whether the child was an only child,type of residence,nature of housing,whether grandparents could help to take care of the child,and the economic situation of grandparents were factors influencing the willingness to have children,and the difference was statistically significant(P< 0.05).Among the social factors,the number of births in the area and the number of relatives and friends of the same generation were factors influencing the willingness to have children,and the difference was statistically significant(P< 0.05).(2)In terms of willingness to have a second child,controlling for covariates,the results show that those under the age of 24 at first marriage have a higher willingness to have a child than those over the age of 35 at first marriage.(OR=0.154,95% CI:0.039～0.606);Having a junior high school education or lower has a higher willingness to procreate than having a college education or higher(OR=0.357,95% CI:0.214～0.596);State agency and institution workers,private and micro-enterprise workers,farmers,service industry workers,full-time wives,and workers with higher fertility intentions compared to inconvenient classifications(OR=0.476,95% CI:0.328～0.691,OR=0.576,95% CI: 0.382～0.867,OR=0.555,95% CI: 0.364～0.846,OR=0.183,95% CI: 0.089～0.376,OR=0.405,95% CI: 0.275～0.598);Living with one’s own or spouse’s parents has a higher willingness to procreate compared to other living conditions(OR=0.336,95% CI: 0.171～0.662);Both parents and parents-in-law can take care of their children or only one parent can take care of their children.Compared to parents and parents-in-law who cannot take care of their children,they have a higher fertility desire(OR=0.669,95% CI: 0.473～0.945,OR=0.697,95% CI: 0.492～0.988);Those who have 3-5 or more families with "three children" around them or in their circle of friends have higher fertility intentions than those who have no "three children" around them or in their circle of friends(OR=0.526,95% CI: 0.355～0.779,OR=0.449,95% CI: 0.206～0.975);Those who are not only children of both spouses are more willing to have a second child than those who are both only children of both spouses(OR=2.395,95% CI: 1.595～3.595).Compared to those under the age of 20 at first marriage,those aged over 35 at first marriage are more hesitant and concerned about having a second child(OR=0.128,95% CI: 0.030～0.553);Undergraduate and above education levels are more hesitant and concerned about having a "second child" than those below junior high school education levels(OR=0.594,95% CI: 0.394～0.897);Workers classified as inconvenient are more hesitant and concerned about their willingness to have a "second child" than workers in state organs and institutions,service industry personnel,and full-time wives(OR=0.643,95% CI: 0.461～0.897,OR=0.494,95% CI: 0.303～0.807,OR=0.465,95% CI: 0.329～0.657);Those who live with their own or spouse’s parents are more hesitant and apprehensive about having a second child than those who live in other categories.(OR=0.495,95% CI: 0.257～0.956);Parents and parents-in-law who cannot take care of their children are more hesitant and concerned about their willingness to have a "second child" than parents and parents-inlaw who can take care of their children(OR=1.517,95% CI: 1.078～2.134);Those who have zero families with three children around them or in their circle of friends are more hesitant and apprehensive to have two children than those who have 6-9 families with three children around them or in their circle of friends.Hesitant and apprehensive(OR=0.379,95% CI: 0.204～0.704);Women in Central Gansu are more hesitant and concerned about having a second child than women in Southeast Gansu(OR=1.286,95%CI: 1.006～1.644).(3)In terms of willingness to have three children,controlling for covariates,the results show that the willingness to have children is higher when the age of first marriage is 24 or younger than when the age of first marriage is 35 or older.(OR=0.631,95% CI: 0.400～0.995,OR=0.238,95% CI: 0.097～0.579);Having a junior high school education or lower has a higher willingness to procreate than having a college education or higher(OR=0.635,95% CI: 0.422～0.956);Employees of state organs and institutions,employees of state-owned enterprises,personnel in the service industry,farmers,and full-time wives have a higher willingness to give birth compared to workers classified as inconvenient(OR=0.393,95% CI: 0.258～0.600,OR=0.575,95%CI: 0.340～0.972,OR=0.585,95% CI: 0.374～0.915,OR=0.349,95% CI: 0.214～0.596,OR=0.448,95% CI: 0.292～0.686);Families with 1-2 children in their surroundings or circle of friends,6-9 families with "two children" in their surroundings or circle of friends,and 3-5 families with "three children" in their surroundings or circle of friends have a higher willingness to give birth compared to families with zero "two or three children" in their surroundings or circle of friends(OR=0.313,95% CI: 0.731～0.551,OR=0.271,95% CI: 0.077～0.959,OR=0 568,95% CI: 0.412～0.782);Compared with those under the age of 20 at first marriage,those aged over 35 at first marriage are more hesitant and concerned about having "three children"(OR=0.037,95% CI: 0.004～0.317);Compared with those in the service industry,workers with inconvenience classification are more hesitant and concerned about their willingness to have "three children"(OR=0.543,95% CI: 0.302～0.975);Couples who are not only children are more hesitant and concerned about having "three children" compared to those who are only children of the woman(OR=0.412,95% CI: 0.205～0.828);College/higher vocational education is more hesitant and concerned about having "three children" than college or above(OR=1.557,95% CI: 1.067～2.273);Those who have 3-5 families with "three children" around them or in their circle of friends are more hesitant and concerned about having "three children" than those who have 0 families with "three children" around them or in their circle of friends(OR=1.857,95% CI: 1.255～2.748).(4)The three highest motivations for perinatal women to have children are"theylike(56.12%)","parents and parents-in-law can help take care of children(50.41%)" and "family economic status is good(40.48%).The main reasons for restricting perinatal women to have more children are" the cost of raising children is too high(84.72%)"," couples have no time(73.13%)",and" education problems(56.90%)",The top three policy needs are "improving the maternity insurance system and reducing the burden of maternity medical expenses(76.16%)","the government grants childcare allowance(65.77%)" and "improving the level of maternal and infant health services(60.07%)".Conclusions(1)The fertility intentions of perinatal women in Gansu Province are influenced by various factors,including personal,family,and social policy factors.The results can provide empirical evidence for improving supportive measures for fertility.(2)More than 80% perinatal women in Gansu Province believe that the main limiting factor for fertility is the high cost of raising children.Therefore,effective measures should be taken to break through this important barrier to fertility and encourage more women of childbearing age to have children.(3)The implementation of a fully "three-child" policy is not only linked to differences in the basic demographic characteristics of the population,but also inseparable from the improvement of supporting measures.Based on demographic differences,improving and implementing measures such as the maternity insurance system,maternal and child health services,and reducing the cost of childbirth and childrearing will greatly enhance the fertility intention of childbearing women.Efforts should be made to increase support for supporting measures of the fertility policy and build a fertility-friendly society. |
PDF Full Text Request