| "Technology" and "society" as direct or indirect research objects never leave Marx’s research vision.Many realistic elements contained in "technology" and "society" constitute an important part of real life circumstances.Marx’s reflection and criticism of technical and social problems starting from the reality is an important task throughout his life-long writing.First of all,Marx’s technical criticism and social criticism have three theoretical sources: the theory of alienation from Plato to Hess,the theory of British classical political economy,and Marx’s contemporary science and technology.The investigation of these three theoretical sources will be helpful to analyze the inheritance of Marx’s technical criticism and social criticism to the predecessors in the theoretical context from the source of thought,and to excavate the theoretical starting point of Marx’s thinking on technical and social issues.Then,Marx’s technical criticism and social criticism in different periods show two characteristics: "there are differences" and "there are processes" : "there are differences" means that technical criticism and social criticism are different in terms of critical objects,critical methods and critical dimensions;"There is a process" means that the generation of Marx’s critical thinking has a time process,whether it is thinking about technical issues or reflecting on social reality.From the technical issues raised in the social background during the Rhine and the German Law Yearbook,to the humanistic interpretation of technical criticism in the economic and Philosophical Manuscript of1844,to the practical materialism interpretation of technical criticism in the outline of Feuerbach,to the historical materialism interpretation of technical criticism in the German Ideology and the Manifesto of the Communist Party,Finally,to the political and economic interpretation of technical criticism in the outline of political and economic criticism and capital,the production of Marx’s thought of technical criticism and social criticism has an internal time sequence.Secondly,Marx’s technical criticism and social criticism have three aspects in common,that is,the internal logical connection characterized by "affirming the real situation-reflecting on the nature of the problem-seeking the solution path-achieving the long-term goal",and the extension of the theoretical content in Western Marxist philosophers and technical philosophers,as well as the theoretical problem orientation,which includes the optimistic social development trend led by the positive factors of technology and the pessimistic social development trend led by the negative factors of technology.Thirdly,Marx’s technical criticism and social criticism are different in three aspects: the first is the difference of their respective critical objects;the second is the difference of their critical degree;the third is the difference of their critical purpose and theoretical purpose.The understanding of the differences between Marx’s technical criticism and social criticism is helpful to understand the particularity of Marx’s technical criticism and social criticism from a comparative perspective,and then to understand the dialectical relationship between Marx’s technical criticism and social criticism more deeply,so as to provide theoretical guidance and practical enlightenment for the technical problems and social dilemmas emerging in today’s society.Finally,Marx’s technical criticism and social criticism have three great significance and Enlightenment: first,Marx provides theoretical reference for the later critics on the capitalist application of technology,on the technology itself,and on the technical elements under the condition of centralization;Secondly,Marx’s technical criticism and social criticism adhere to the unity of humanity and ecology,science and history,and the unity of era and openness,which provide a reference for the later research;Thirdly,the problems of technology and society in Marx’s view are isomorphic with many problems in today’s society.Marx’s criticism can provide practical enlightenment for the ethical dilemma of biomedical technology,the development of artificial intelligence socialization,the cultural production in the form of new technology,and the alienation of the beginning and end users of computing machines. |
