A Study On The Discourse Transformation Of Marxist Philosophy In China

The study of Marxist philosophy has always depended on the interpretation system in different periods.How to explain Marxist philosophy has been running through the history of the development of Marxist philosophy.Different from the alternation and controversy of various schools of philosophy in western countries,Chinese Marxist philosophy is mainly manifested in the mainstream society’s understanding of Marxist philosophy in different historical periods due to its close connection with politics.And this understanding is expressed through a certain way of discourse.Discourse transformation means that people probe into the change of the direction of marxist philosophy,this shift is only part of the academic structure sometimes changes(such as philosophy textbook system changes)before and after the founding of new China,sometimes it is the fundamental change of thinking mode,such as "problem consciousness" of the 90 s to 80 s beyond consciousness of "system"),But they are the inevitable result of the common movement of social and political logic and philosophy logic.Therefore,the study of the discourse transformation of Marxist philosophy in China can,on the one hand,analyze the changes in the research focus of Marxist philosophy and the perspectives of Marxist philosophy in the mainstream society in different periods,so as to deepen the understanding of social and historical development and improve the ability to grasp the reality of contemporary social development.On the other hand,it can also view the whole course of the development of Marxist philosophy in China from a macroscopic perspective,thus making it possible to correctly understand the law of the movement of the theory itself.On this basis,the historical experience of discourse transformation of Marxist philosophy is summarized to promote the construction of Marxist philosophy in the new era.If we take the introduction of Marxism into China during the May 4th New Culture Movement as the starting point,then the study of Chinese Marxist philosophy has gone through a course of more than one hundred years.On the whole,the historical process of more than one hundred years can be divided into three historical stages according to the expression form of discourse.The first stage is the formation and evolution of "Textbook Philosophy" from the May 4th New Culture Movement to the reform and opening up.The second stage is the rise and development of "Practical Philosophy" from 1978 to the middle of 1990 s.The third stage is from the mid-1990 s till now,which is manifested as the multi-discourse system under the academic discipline.In the first stage,"Textbook Philosophy" was chosen,spread and developed into official ideology by advanced intellectuals because of its anti-feudal nature,which could best meet the needs of Chinese society at that time.Based on the practical needs of China’s revolution and construction,the mode of discourse in this period has certain political pragmatism characteristics,which affects the complete understanding and systematic absorption of Marxist philosophy.The political pragmatism is mainly embodied in two levels: taking the Soviet Union as the teacher and taking the masses as the purpose.Under the joint influence of these two levels,"Textbook Philosophy" on the one hand holds the largest masses and turns into the "material power" to promote social reform;On the other hand,when the society develops to a new historical stage,the discourse form of "Textbook Philosophy" makes the mainstream society’s understanding of Marxist philosophy appear certain dogma tendency due to its own historical limitation,which constitutes the ideological bondage of socialist construction.In the second stage,when the planned economy system in which "Textbook Philosophy" is confronted with development difficulties,its inherent negation becomes the driving force to promote the reform of Marxist philosophy itself and the social reform,and opens the prelude to the emancipation of thought and the reform and opening up with the great discussion on the criterion of truth.The socialist market economy to be established by the reform and opening up is based on the promotion of human initiative,and accordingly,Marxist philosophy begins to turn to the discourse construction with"practice" as the core category.This includes two logical links: the deconstruction of the original textbook system and the construction of a new system.In this process,Marxist philosophy realizes the two-way interaction of theoretical self-emancipation and social emancipation,and promotes the historical process of reform and opening up in the interaction.However,due to the lack of theoretical resources and other factors,"Practical Philosophy" in the prosperous philosophical landscape is also faced with the problem of theoretical research.In the third stage,the efforts to reconstruct the textbook system have not achieved the expected results,combined with the reform and opening-up and market economy brings a variety of new problems,and makes the research of realize the philosophy should not be to construct philosophy as the goal,but should pay attention to practical problems,the "problem" instead of "system" gradually become the starting point of theoretical research.Centering on various problems in social life,Marxist philosophy constantly deepens the thinking on basic theories,constantly explores new research fields,and forms a pluralistic discourse system.However,with the wider opening of the door of reform and opening-up,and the absorption and reference of all kinds of ideological resources at home and abroad brought about by ideological liberation,the influence of Marxist philosophy on the field of social thought weakened and gradually became academic.The academic tendency means that Marxist philosophy is to some extent decoupled from politics and returns to the general attribute of cultural phenomenon,which makes its theoretical depth disproportionate to its communication strength.Based on the study of the discourse transformation of Marxist philosophy in China,we can sum up three important experiences in the construction of discourse system: correctly dealing with the relationship between academia and politics,correctly dealing with the relationship between philosophy and people,correctly dealing with the relationship between theory and practice.This provides an important reference for promoting the new construction of contemporary Marxist philosophical discourse.