Castle And Literature In The Period Of Sixteen Kingdoms

Castles were an important part of the grassroots society in the Middle Ages.During the Sixteen Kingdoms,when the Hu ethnic group invaded the Central Plains,the people of the north,mainly Han Chinese lineages,established castles to defend themselves.Politically speaking,the dwelling castles influenced the pattern of the Hu regime and the two Jin regimes.Economically,the production within the castles retained the self-sufficiency model of communal distribution.Culturally,the castles survived the cultural transfer that centred on the capital.The first chapter traces the history of the development of castles before the Sixteen Kingdoms.Starting from the two theories of the academic community on the development of castles retrospectively,the intention is to identify the development of castles in time and space before the Sixteen Kingdoms.The origin of the castles is from the use of soldiers by the state on the northwestern border in the Qin and Han dynasties,highlighting the military attributes.As the internal and external conflicts of the state shifted,the military nature of the dumbwaiter as a military barrier and the clan character as a social organization for self-preservation would intersect to varying degrees.The second chapter analyzes the political and cultural ecology of the castles in the Sixteen Kingdoms period.The first part focuses on the interactions between the various ethnic regimes and the castles during the Sixteen Kingdoms period,starting from historical sources.It reveals that the confrontation,cooperation,or compromise between the former Zhao,the latter Zhao,the former Qin,the former Yan,and other regimes that entered the north,and the secessionist forces represented by the castles,are considered to have played a positive role in the Hanization of the Hu people,and to have been an important force in restraining the Hu regime from annexing the Eastern Jin to the south.The second part looks at the internal survival landscape of the castles stating that as a special form of social organizations,the castles preserved the tradition of grassroots political civilization established by the Qin and Han empires.The fragmented castle forces of the great families,which defied the Eastern Jin and Hu regimes,implied a complex political mentality.The third chapter analyzes literature under the castles of the Sixteen Kingdoms period.First,it examines the exodus of the scholarly community at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty and reiterates that the Yongjia Rebellion was an opportunity to induce a turning point in the development of literature and did not cause a hiatus in northern literary creation.Second,the northern ruling class,the great families,the exiled literati,and the people were the creators of northern literature during the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms period.Due to the chaos in the north,poetry and literature embodied the aesthetic style of realism,and the literary creations of the ruling class were mostly works of praise to the saints,while the literary creations of the dukedoms of the clans were mostly accounts of war and dislocation and national hatred,while the folk songs of this period,with their direct attacks on reality,their satire of the brutality of the ruling class,their praise of the wise rulers and their praise of local leaders such as the dukedoms,became the mainstream form of northern literature.Finally,with the shift of the cultural center in Central China,the literature of the northern castles and the literature of the southern manor were influenced by the region,the environment,the change of mentality of the scholars and the spread of religion,and went to two different modes of development.The unique style and cultural connotations of each of them,such as the writing of the real space and the literary imagination space,is the opportunity for the literature of the North and South Dynasties to turn from Confucianism to the world and metaphysics to argue the way.