| The abstract generally believes that Capital is a masterpiece of political economy,but there has always been great controversy in the academic circles about the disciplinary nature of Capital,and in recent years,this debate has become a hot topic in the domestic Marxist philosophical circles.We know that the nature of most classic works is uncontroversial,and we never discuss the nature of Van Gogh’s "Sunflowers" at length,nor do we discuss the nature of Newton’s "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy",but there are many different and even opposing views on the nature of the works of Capital.Some people think that Capital is an outstanding philosophical work,some people think that Capital is a genius work of political science,and others think that Capital is a unique work of art,these conflicting views to some extent mean that Capital is multifaceted,but this implies more that because Capital is nothing,it is actually nothing.Therefore,these long discussions and a wide variety of views make the theoretical nature and significance of Capital less clear,so it is especially necessary to clarify the nature of Capital’s work.First of all,it must be pointed out that the question of the nature of the work of Capital at the center of the discussion is not complicated,and the long discussion and the wide variety of views do not directly mean that the problem itself is difficult and difficult to conclude,and it may mean more that the situation outside the problem itself is complex and obscure.Therefore,the purpose of this article is to clarify that although the nature of the works of Capital is ostensibly in a state of discussion and uncertainty,the nature of the works of Capital itself is certain,that is,the nature of the works of Capital is a social science work modeled on natural science.The idea of this article is as follows.We will study volume 1 of Capital,published during Marx’s lifetime.By analyzing the basic sentence composition types of language and writing in Volume 1 of Capital,the main objects of these sentences,the attitude and way of understanding the object,and the attitude towards one’s own conclusion of understanding,we can preliminarily conclude that the nature of the works of Volume 1 of Capital is not novels,poems,jokes,scripts and other types,but language and written works involving real objects,full of statistics,possessing theoretical models,using mathematical calculus and giving clear conclusions.We refer to the language and writing that involves the object as a real object and the main purpose is to pursue knowledge and judge the truth and falsehood,which is collectively referred to as the language and writing that solves the problem of facts.With the further analysis of factual issues,we understand that when human beings deal with factual issues,with the accumulation of historical experience,two disciplines have basically formed,namely natural science and social science.We call the part of the research object that is human society and it is difficult to do repeated experiments social science,and the part where the research object is natural phenomena and is easy to repeat experiments is called natural science.As far as the current overall situation of the two disciplines is concerned,the conclusions and technical applications of the natural sciences have changed almost the vast majority of human beings in social life,while the conclusions of the social sciences are less involved in human life,except for economics.The reason for this difference is that the natural sciences completed the scientific revolution in the seventeenth century,forming a set of effective research programs.This research program,which began with Copernicus and ended with Newton’s revolution in natural science,is mainly composed of two parts,research methods and world views.As far as research methods are concerned,it has three characteristics,one is to question the mathematical relationship between phenomena,the other is to use experiments and various quantitative means,and the third is to imagine a possible theoretical model.As far as the worldview is concerned,its series of conclusions tells people that the essence of the universe is simple and uniform.Well,based on this,we have the following conclusions.From the point of view of the research object,the object of study of Capital is neither a theological object such as God,nor a metaphysical object such as "square France",nor a natural object such as mass and electron,but an economic phenomenon in the British region that objectively exists and is difficult to repeat the experiment,that is,the research object of social science.From the perspective of world view,Capital basically adheres to Newton’s post-Newton view of nature,that is,Capital treats its conclusions as natural scientific conclusions,and insists that its conclusions be valid for all cases with similar circumstances.In conclusion,the basic conclusion of Capital is neither about how God has affected the economic phenomenon in the British region,nor the ultimate cause of the economic phenomenon in the British region,but the mathematical relationship between various quantifiable quantities,such as the proportional relationship between the value of commodities and the average labor time of society,and the growth rate of v is faster than the growth rate of c.In terms of argument,Capital uses a large number of highly detailed investigative reports in the United Kingdom,such as official investigation reports such as "Public Health" and "Factory Investigation Committee",as well as personal research works such as "The Middle Class and the Working Class" and "On the Need to Promote the Development of the Machinery Industry".In terms of research methods,Capital basically uses the argumentation process of "imagining possible models and definitions-deriving fundamental theorems from definitions-using real-world data to prove theorems and other laws-generalizing conclusions to all similar situations".Just as Newton used the "conceptual hypothesis of force",mathematical derivation,and experimental proof to express all the results of his research from Kepler to Hooke in one theory,the authors of Capital did something similar.Capital envisages a possible basic principle,that is,the relationship between goods and labor constitutes the basic relationship of human life,and it defines the value of commodities based on this relationship,and then combines the actual data of the British region,and then uses mathematical analysis to infer other laws,and Capital uses this theory to express the main research results of political economy at that time.At the end,then,our clarification work can be summarized as follows: the object of study of Capital is economic phenomena,the conclusions of Capital are presented as mathematical relations between phenomena,Capital uses a large number of very detailed survey data in England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in the process of argumentation,Capital conceives a possible theoretical model by defining commodities to integrate the main research results of political economy of his time,and the author of Capital believes that his conclusions can be obtained through the United States,Germany,The cumulative character of capitalism in France and other regions has been verified.Therefore,since Capital is mainly composed of declarative sentences whose language function is to judge truth and falsehood,and the research objects of these declarative sentences are social sciences,and at the same time,the research methods,world views and conclusions of these statements are all natural sciences,so the nature of the works of Capital is a social science work modeled on natural science. |
