The Study On The Laws Of Epitaphs In Yuan Dynasty

In ancient Chinese society,burial occupied an important place in people’s lives,and epitaphs have been used as part of funerals since the Han Dynasty.In the Yuan Dynasty,Pan Anxiao wrote "Jinshi Example",which opened the precedent for the study of the laws of sphragistics.The study flourished in the Qing Dynasty,pointing out an important direction for future generations to study epitaph stone carvings.However,the current research on epitaphs focuses on the Han and Tang and Song dynasties,which is slightly weak in the study of epitaphs in the Yuan and later periods,and is mostly limited to a simple list of positive examples and variations,without depth.The large number of epitaphs unearthed in New China just provide us with an opportunity.Therefore,on the basis of the traditional study method of epitaphs of epitaphs,we try to summarize a large number of epitaphs of the Yuan Dynasty,focusing on their characteristic changes,and then investigate the political system,social factors,literary evolution and other factors that affect the formation of "examples" to explore their "meaning".This article mainly expands from four parts:The first chapter focuses on the funerary customs and the use of epitaphs in the Han people of the Yuan Dynasty.The Han funeral customs of the Yuan Dynasty were more traditional,and the implementation of funeral ceremonies was mainly based on Zhu Zi’s "Family Rites",and it can be seen from the statistics of the identity of the owners of the Yuan Dynasty epitaphs that Mongolian nobles and officials gradually began to use epitaphs under the influence of Han customs.And through data analysis,it was found that the shape of the Yuan Dynasty epitaph used a single one,and the commoners used more than one letter.The second chapter focuses on the writing of the first epitaph of the Yuan Dynasty.Yuan dynasty epitaphs can be divided into three categories according to the identity of the tomb owner: eunuchs,commoners and religious figures,and the epitaph of different groups has its own characteristics.The first title of the official eunuch epitaph has four main characteristics:first,the national name is written mostly using informal titles;Second,although it pays attention to grade,the writing is mainly based on the final official position;Third,the official position in the first title of the epitaph of the person will be one rank higher than his final official position;Fourth,the first question of a woman is different from that of a commoner woman,and she can not bear the surname of her husband.And the epitaph of the commoner generally does not have an official position,and its title is also determined according to the kinship between the standing stone people,and the woman’s title is gradually generalized,and some titles that once belonged only to the life of the woman were also used for the people’s women in the Yuan Dynasty.The religion of the Yuan Dynasty flourished with Buddhism and Taoism,and the epitaph of religious figures was also influenced by the secular world to a certain extent,such as Buddhism using the common name of a monk before becoming a monk,and Taoists paid attention to the embodiment of religious duties in the first question.The third chapter focuses on the signature characteristics of the authors of epitaphs in the Yuan Dynasty.Firstly,the main situation of the signature of the previous writer is summarized,and in the Yuan Dynasty,epitaph writing became the norm,and the position of signature also tended to be fixed: the signature of the epitaph was mainly in the front,and the signature of the Qizhi was mainly in the back.According to the different relationships between the author and the tomb owner,the complexity and title of his signature are also different.Through the writing of epitaphs in the Yuan Dynasty,we can glimpse the atmosphere of writing epitaphs at that time: the world expects to beg for famous people at that time.The fourth chapter mainly discusses the writing content of epitaphs and inscriptions in the Yuan Dynasty,and the characteristics of the use of inscription style.Comparing the main content of the text with the "Thirteen Events" formed before the Tang Dynasty,it is found that the content of the epitaph in the Yuan Dynasty pays more attention to the recording of lineage,and no longer sticks to the traditional narrative order,and is written more according to the facts;Although the inscription style of the Yuan Dynasty is still dominated by four words,the prose style has increased compared with the past,and various styles have been used;The writing of the inscription corresponds to the zhiwen,and advocates that the words are not beautiful,among which there are examples of allusions,the style is simple and simple,and there is also the meaning of repeating chapters and sentences in the "Book of Poetry",sighing and writing,expressing rich emotions.