Development Of Questionnaire On The Sense Of Workplace Involution For Newly Recruited Employees And Its Relationship With Turnover Intention

As the term "involution" has become popular,the survivable issues and emotional tone of contemporary youth have been highlighted.In order to study the subjective psychological experiences of individuals in the workplace brought about by the phenomenon of involution,this study aims to examine the connotation and structure of workplace involution among newly recruited employees and develop a corresponding measurement instrument,as well as to examine the factors influencing the sense of workplace involution and its relationship with employees’ turnover intention.In the first study,30 newly recruited employees were selected for semi-structured interviews through a qualitative research method,while web texts related to "involution" were searched and crawled;based on the Grounded Theory,the collected texts were sorted and coded using NVivo12.0 software,this was used to develop the initial questionnaire for the Sense of Workplace Involution Questionnaire for Newly Recruited Employees.The initial questionnaire was administered to 282 newly recruited employees and the exploratory factor analysis was carried out using SPSS 22.0 software,and the validation factor analysis was carried out on 571 new employees using Amos 24.0 software.This resulted in the official version of the Sense of Workplace Involution Questionnaire for Newly Recruited Employees.In Study 2,a combination of questionnaires and qualitative analysis was used to examine the differences in the sense of workplace involution across demographic variables,and to explore the factors influencing newly recruited employees’ the sense of workplace involution and coping strategies.In Study 3,the Sense of Workplace Involution Questionnaire for Newly Recruited Employees and the Turnover Intention Scale were used to explore the relationship between the sense of workplace involution and turnover intention among newly recruited employees.The results of the study indicate that Study 1: Newly recruited employees’ sense of workplace involution comes from four main areas,namely "sense of scarcity of resources," "sense of forced commitment," "sense of futility of effort" and "sense of negative experience".There are16 questions in the Sense of Workplace Involution Questionnaire for Newly Recruited Employees,corresponding to the four dimensions of qualitative analysis.Study 2: Newly recruited employees have a medium to high level of the sense of workplace involution.There was no significant difference in the sense of workplace involution among newly recruited employees in terms of gender,but there were significant differences in the ranking of education level,nature of work unit,region of the workplace,monthly income,area of workplace.The factors influencing the sense of workplace involution were summarized as "limited resources","distribution system","environmental factors",and "psychological factors" in the qualitative analysis."The coping strategies of the sense of workplace involution are summarized into two aspects: "external path"and "internal adjustment of individuals".Study 3: There was a significant positive correlation between turnover intention and the sense of workplace involution score(r = 0.879,p < 0.001)and dimensions(r = 0.812 ～ 0.849,p < 0.001)of newly recruited employees;regression analysis revealed that the regression coefficient β of the sense of workplace involution on turnover intention was 0.861(t = 38.509,p < 0.001).The following conclusions were drawn:(1)The Sense of Workplace Involution Questionnaire for Newly Recruited Employees meets the psychometric criteria and can be used as a valid tool to measure the degree of individual the sense of workplace involution.(2)The overall level of the sense of workplace involution among newly recruited employees is generally at a high level.Demographic variables,limited resources,allocation systems,environmental factors and psychological factors all influence newly recruited employees’ sense of workplace involution.Strategies for coping with workplace involution include external social and corporate pathways and individual internal adjustment.(3)The sense of workplace involution has a significant positive predictive effect on the turnover intention.