| Rapid urbanization has resulted in serious destruction of urban ecosystem and increasingly serious urban environmental problems.With the increasing human demand for urban ecosystem services,it is of great significance to clarify the balance between supply and demand for urban ecosystem services in order to achieve high-quality urban development and improve human well-being.In karst multi-mountainous urban built-up areas,there were a large number of urban remnant mountains(URMs),which was an important part of urban habitat and provided a variety of irreplaceable ecosystem services.In order to analyze the spatial and temporal variation characteristics and influencing factors of carbon sequestration services,biological habitat protection services,temperature regulation services and natural recreation services in the study area under the background of urbanization,taking the the typical karst multi-mountainous urban center as the study area.This paper explored spatial mismatch and flow relationship of ecosystem services In multi-mountainous city based on CASA model,In-Vest model,surface temperature inversion,geographic detector,multi-source data fusion model and Arc GIS spatial analysis.Results showed that:Temporal and spatial characteristics of ecosystem service supply.In general,the supply of ecosystem services showed a decreasing trend in the study period,and showed spatial differences in different periods.During 2010-2015,the carbon sequestration service supply decreased mainly in Guanshanhu District,Baiyun District and Huaxi District.The supply of biological habitat protection services decreased significantly in Baiyun District,the west of Guanshanhu District,the east of Nanming District and the south of Huaxi District.The decrease of natural recreation service supply mainly occurred in the south of Huaxi District Yunyan District and the east of Nanming District.The carbon sequestration service supply decreased mainly in Nanming District and Huaxi District during 2015-2020.There was little change in the supply area of biological habitat protection services.The decrease of natural recreation service supply is mainly in the south of Huaxi District.Due to the sharp rise of surface temperature from 2013 to 2019,the supply area of temperature regulation service was greatly reduced,and only a few supply areas were located in the south of Huaxi District and the west of Guanshanhu District.The main influencing factors of spatial differentiation of ecosystem service supply.Population density factor has higher explanatory power for the four ecosystem services.Other factors show different combination effects on different ecosystem services.The combination of population density and precipitation had the strongest explanatory power for carbon sequestration services in 2010 and 2015(0.410 and 0.342),while temperature and elevation had the strongest explanatory power in 2020(0.322).Slope,air temperature and population density had a strong influence on the spatial differentiation of biological habitat protection services.The combination of precipitation and population density had the strongest explanatory power for temperature regulation services in 2007 and 2013(0.218),while temperature and population density had the strongest explanatory power in 2019(0.188).The combination of slope and temperature had the strongest explanatory power for nature recreation services in 2010(0.344),the combination of precipitation and population density had the strongest explanatory power for nature recreation services in 2015(0.308),and the combination of traffic facilities and population density had the strongest explanatory power for nature recreation services in 2020(0.396).Temporal and spatial characteristics of ecosystem service demand.The overall demand for carbon sequestration services continued to decrease,and the demand for biological habitat protection services,temperature regulation services and nature recreation services continued to increase.The average annual demand for temperature regulation services in Baiyun District was higher than other regions.From 2010 to 2015,the demand for carbon sequestration services mainly increased in Huaxi District.The increasing demand for biological habitat protection services mainly distributed in Baiyun District,Guanshanhu District and the south of Huaxi District.The demand for natural recreation services mainly increased in the south of Huaxi District,and partially decreased in the west of Wudang District.From 2015 to 2020,the demand for carbon sequestration services mainly increased in Guanshanhu District.The demand area for biological habitat protection services has little change overall.The demand for natural recreation services increased in Guanshanhu District,Baiyun District and the south of Huaxi District.From 2013 to 2019,the demand for temperature regulation services changed dramatically,and all regions generated a large amount of demand.Balance between supply and demand of ecosystem services.The flow intensity of carbon sequestration service and temperature regulation service showed a weakening trend in the study area,and the flow intensity of Nanming,Yunyan and Baiyun Districts was low and had little change.The flow intensity of biological habitat protection services and natural recreation services showed an increasing trend,and the areas with low and lower flow intensity were mainly distributed in the urban periphery.From 2010 to 2020,the proportion of areas with balanced carbon sequestration services and biological habitat protection services decreased by 14.33% and 1.97%,while the areas with low demand increased by18.75% and 14.12%.The balance area of temperature regulation service(2007-2019)and nature recreation service(2010-2020)increased first and then decreased.The proportion of balance area in the study area decreased by 10.81% and 11.74%(by 2019 and 2020).In general,the supply and demand of carbon sequestration services,biological habitat protection services and natural recreation services show a transitional structure of "central city-peripheral city" in space.The demand area for temperature regulation service is mainly Baiyun District.Nanming District and Yunyan District are regions with high demand for ecosystem services,while those with low demand values are mainly distributed around the city.However,some patches with high supply value also appeared in Yunyan District and Guanshanhu district.The impact of landscape composition on regional ecosystem services.For the four ecosystem services,with the increase of the proportion of impervious surface,the decrease of forest land,attached green space and urban mountain,the grade of cell showed a decreasing trend.When the demand for carbon sequestration began(level-1 cells),the minimum proportion of the area of impervious surfaces and major contributors(forest land,attached green space and urban remnant mountains)was 2:5(2010).The minimum proportion of biological habitat protection services(impervious surface: forest land,attached green space,water body and urban mountain remains)was 13:5(2015);The minimum ratio of temperature regulation service(impervious surface: forest land,attached green space,water body and urban remnant mountain)was 4:1(2013);The minimum ratio of natural recreation service(impervious surface: woodland,attached green space,water body and urban remnant mountain)is 15:9(2020). |
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