Research On Autumn Film Covering Technology For Spring-sown Corn In High-cold Mountainous Area

Ningwu County is located in my country’s high-cold area,and the spring drought and low temperature during planting limit the increase in spring corn yield in this area.Therefore,the experimental variety selected in this study is the early maturing corn variety Haodan 639.Field trials of spring maize were conducted in Ningwu County,using conventional open field sowing,autumn sowing on the mulching film,autumn sowing on the side of the mulching film,and spring film mulching.The five treatment methods of top sowing and spring mulching side sowing were compared and studied on the test results.The effects of different mulching methods on soil moisture,temperature,dry matter and yield were investigated.The main studies are as follows:(1)Film mulching in autumn can not only reduce the loss of soil moisture in winter and spring,but also increase soil temperature and alleviate the sudden drop in temperature.The five treatment methods are in different depths of the soil(10cm,15 cm,20cm,30 cm and 40cm).The soil moisture content and temperature are obviously different.Sowing with mulch film can reduce the evaporation of soil moisture better than conventional open-field sowing and mulching-side sowing.As far as open-field sowing is concerned,sowing with mulch film and mulching-side sowing soil The water content of corn has increased by 4.35%~18.34% and the soil temperature has increased by 1.1~4.2℃,which promotes the rapid growth of corn to a certain extent,making the emergence period 3 days earlier,and the jointing period and the big bell mouth period are correspondingly advanced.(2)The different ways of mulching have a great impact on the growth and development of spring sown corn.At each stage of the growth and development of corn,its traits(plant height,stem thickness,number of leaves,etc.)are significantly different.Under the five planting modes,the conventional open field planting has the lowest plant height,and the number of leaves and stem thickness are lower than those of other planting modes.The corn stem thickness can reflect the strength of corn.The corn stem thickness under each planting mode(from thick to thick)Fine): Autumn sowing on film mulch>Autumn sowing on film mulching>Spring sowing on film mulching>Spring sowing on film mulching>Conventional open field sowing,sowing on film mulching in autumn is better than the other four planting methods.The stem thickness has increased,which relieves lodging to a certain extent,and at the same time promotes the dry matter accumulation of spring corn.(3)Film mulching plays a key role in the yield of spring sown corn and related factors.As far as conventional open field sowing of CK is concerned,the yield of SP planting on film mulching in autumn increased by 52.8%,and the yield of WP planting on the side of film mulching in autumn increased by46.5.%.In 2020,compared with the output of open field sowing,the output on the mulching film in autumn will be further increased by 56.4%,the output on the mulching film side in autumn will be increased by 54.2%,the output on the mulching film in spring will be increased by 46.1%,and the yield on the mulching film in spring will be increased by 46.1%.An increase of 45.7%.In 2020,five treatment methods are adopted for spring corn sowing.In terms of 100-kernel weight,SP,WP,CP,and MP are increased by 27.67%,8.3%,7.4%,and 2.2% respectively compared with CK.In the fall of 2019 and 2020,sowing on the film and on the side of the film has advantages in yield,which can improve the theoretical basis for corn production to a certain extent.(4)In terms of economic benefits,the yield of sowing on the film mulching in autumn is the highest,followed by the film mulching in autumn,and the output of the two planting modes of autumn mulching is higher than that of the two planting modes of spring mulching and open-field sowing.The output on the film is the highest,but the cost of the film on the film is 25% higher.It requires 1 worker and the mechanized operation is slow.Compared with the film on the film,the film side sowing can save 1investment cost,and the film can be easily recycled after the planting and harvesting.Features indirectly save labor costs,and can also reduce white pollution to a certain extent.Compared with seeding on the membrane,the input cost of seeding on the membrane side is reduced by 132 yuan.In 2020,the output of film-side seeding is 10.63 kg less than that of film-based seeding,and the output is reduced by 31.89 yuan.Combined with the inspection of planting manpower,materials,and time-consuming factors,the autumn film-covered film-side seeding is adopted.The material 60 film has the highest economic benefit.The comprehensive income per mu will be increased by 100-200 yuan.