| Atractylodes macrocephala,as a perennial plant,is seriously affected by continuous cropping obstacles.There are often problems such as aggravation of diseases,reduction of yield and quality,which restrict the development of it.In order to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle of Atractylodes macrocephala,Three biological bacterial fertilizers Trichoderma harzianum,Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus laterosporus were selected in this study.The agronomic properties,diseases,rhizosphere soil and yield and quality of Atractylodes macrocephala were comprehensively evaluated by setting different levels of bacterial fertilizer concentrations,It is expected to select the suitable formula of biological bacteria to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle of Atractylodes macrocephala.The results are as follows:1.The combined application of three biological bacterial fertilizers had a significant effects on the agronomic characters of Atractylodes macrocephala.The plant height increased gradually from seedling stage to rhizome expansion stage,and reached the maximum in rhizome expansion stage.The plant height of 9 bacterial fertilizer combinations in flowering stage has reached more than 40 cm.The stem diameter increased gradually from seedling stage to rhizome expansion stage.The number of leaves increased gradually from seedling stage to rhizome expansion stage,and the number of leaves of bacterial fertilizer T4 reached the highest(222)in rhizome expansion stage.The effect of bacterial fertilizer on the number of Atractylodes macrocephala leaves in seedling stage was Bacillus laterosporus > Trichoderma harzianum > Aspergillus oryzae;The effects of bacterial fertilizer on the number of leaves of Atractylodes macrocephala in bud stage,flowering stage and rhizome expansion stage were Trichoderma harzianum > Aspergillus oryzae > Bacillus laterosporus.The study on the growth dynamics of Atractylodes macrocephala shows that the dry matter accumulation law of aboveground and underground parts of Atractylodes macrocephala shows an increasing trend,and the growth amount shows a "fast slow fast" process.In the whole growth period of Atractylodes macrocephala,the drying rates of aboveground and underground parts showed an increasing trend.Combined with the relevant indexes of agronomic characters in the whole growth period of Atractylodes macrocephala,it was concluded that among the nine bacterial fertilizer combinations,T4 and T8 are more conducive to the aboveground growth and dry matter accumulation of Atractylodes macrocephala.2.The combined application of three biological bacterial fertilizers can significantly reduce the partial consumption of soil nutrients,soil acidification,partial metal accumulation,decrease of enzyme activity and change of microbial colony structure caused by continuous cropping obstacle of Atractylodes macrocephala.Among them,in the mature stage,the contents of N,P,K and organic matter in the soil of nine combinations of bacteria and fertilizers were all above the middle level,and the p H values were all above 5.00.The content of available Mn decreased compared with that before planting,and the activities of soil urease and catalase increased.The available Fe content of T1,T7 and T9 decreased compared with that before planting,and the available Fe content of other bacterial fertilizer combinations increased by less than50%.The effective Al content of T1,T3,T7 and T9 decreased compared with that before planting,and the effective Al content of other bacterial fertilizer combinations increased within 30%.The soil phosphatase activity of the other seven bacterial fertilizer combinations increased compared with that before planting,except for T2 and T4.During the whole growth period of Atractylodes macrocephala,the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil of Atractylodes macrocephala decreased gradually,and the number of fungi increased gradually.Among the nine bacterial fertilizer combinations,the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in T8 reached the highest,and the number of fungi was the lowest.Compared with the soil before planting,the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in T2,T3,T4,T6 and 8increased,but the number of fungi decreased.3.The effects of combined application of three biological bacterial fertilizers on mortality,disease susceptibility,emergence rate,survival rate and yield of continuous cropping Atractylodes macrocephala were significantly different.The mortality reached the highest when the rhizome expansion stage was reached with the growth stage of Atractylodes macrocephala.In the rhizome expansion stage,the T4 and T8 of the 9 bacterial fertilizer combinations was less than 25%;The susceptible rate of Atractylodes macrocephala increased first and then decreased in the whole growth period,and reached the highest in the flowering period;The seedling emergence rate of Atractylodes macrocephala was the highest(91.16%)in the proportion of T8;The survival rate of Atractylodes macrocephala was the highest in the proportion of T4(54.42%);The highest yield of Atractylodes macrocephala is 4868.84 kg / ha in the proportion of T8,followed by T4(4063.29 kg / ha),and the lowest yield of Atractylodes macrocephala in the proportion of T9 is 582.21 kg / ha Combined with the mortality,disease susceptibility,survival rate,seedling emergence rate and yield of Atractylodes macrocephala in each growth period,the three biological bacterial fertilizer ratios of T4 and T8 are the most suitable for continuous Atractylodes macrocephala,and their bacterial fertilizer ratios are Trichoderma harzianum 12kg/ha,Aspergillus oryzae 3.38 kg/ha,Bacillus laterosporus 4.50 kg/ha and Trichoderma harzianum 18 kg/ha,Aspergillus oryzae 0 kg/ha and Bacillus laterosporu6.75 kg/ha.4.Under the combined application of three kinds of bacterial fertilizers,the water and extract of continuous cropping Atractylodes macrocephala met the requirements of Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China(2020 edition),while the ash sterilization T9(5.02%)of Atractylodes macrocephala did not meet the standard of Pharmacopoeia,and the other eight bacterial fertilizer combinations all met the standard of Pharmacopoeia.The polysaccharide content of Atractylodes macrocephala is 69.06 ~ 85.25 mg/g;The content of atractylenolide I.II.Ⅲ is 0.07 ~0.16 mg/g,0.01 ~ 0.06 mg/g and 0.67~1.74 mg/g respectively,and the T4 has the highest content of atractylenolide Ⅲ.The content of atractylone ranged from 8.30mg/g to 14.84 mg/g,and the content of T4 was the highest.The content of N in Atractylodes macrocephala is 6.47 ~ 11.33 g/kg;Among the nine bacterial fertilizer combinations,the content of P,K and Cu in the T4 Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz is the highest,which is 2.97 g/kg,8.83 g/kg and 27.05 mg/kg respectively.5.According to the comprehensive analysis of 14 indicators such as agronomic traits,yield and quality of Atractylodes macrocephala,the results showed that among the nine bacterial fertilizer combinations in this experiment,the best effect was the bacterial fertilizer combination of Trichoderma harzianum 12 kg/ha,Aspergillus oryzae 3.38 kg/ha and Bacillus laterosporus 4.50 kg/ha,which is the suitable formula of biological bacterial fertilizer to alleviate the obstacle of continuous cropping of Atractylodes macrocephala. |
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