| Waxy corn varieties with large planting area in Chongqing and approved in recent years were selected,and field experiments were carried out during spring sowing and summer sowing.Yield determination,fresh ear cooking quality score in different harvesting periods and comparative analysis of optimum harvesting were carried out to screen elastic fresh-harvesting waxy corn varieties suitable for popularization and planting in Chongqing.2 different waxy corn varieties,namely suitable and unsuitable fresh-harvesting,were used as test materials to determine seven physical and chemical indexes,such as cooking quality,water content,skin residue rate and sugar content,in different harvesting periods,study their changing rules with the delay of harvesting period,and screen the key indexes affecting the length of optimum harvesting period of waxy corn fresh ears;according to the studies related to effects of different cultivation measures on fresh ear yield,cooking quality and optimum harvesting of 2 varieties,the ways to improve fresh ear quality and prolong the elasticity of fresh ear harvest period of waxy corn were discussed,which provides theoretical basis and reference for breeding and cultivation of waxy corn with suitable elastic fresh harvesting.The main results are as follows:1.The yield of waxy corn,the score of fresh ear cooking quality in different harvesting periods and optimum harvesting were significantly different among different genotypes under spring sowing and summer sowing conditions.The cooking quality and optimum harvesting of ‘Danuo 19’,‘Kedanuo 2’,‘Zhennuo 521’,‘Kedanuo 4’and ‘Caitiannuo 900’ during different harvesting periods were significantly better than those of the control,which not only have high quality and high yield,but also have a long optimum harvesting period for fresh ears,so they can be popularized and planted as elastic fresh-harvesting waxy corn in Chongqing.2.With the delay of harvest time,the cooking quality,fresh grain water content,soluble sugar content,fructose content,glucose content and sucrose content of waxy corn decreased,while the skin residue rate increased.3.The fructose content of waxy corn varieties unsuitable for elastic fresh harvesting decreased significantly at 24 d after pollination,and there was no significant difference between them at26 d,28d,30 d and 32 d after pollination;The fructose content of waxy corn varieties with suitable elastic fresh harvesting was significantly higher than that of waxy corn varieties with unsuitable elastic fresh harvesting at 22 d,24d,26 d and 28 d after pollination than that of waxy corn varieties with unsuitable elastic fresh harvesting at 22 d after pollination.4.Fresh harvesting varieties were harvested before 28 d after pollination,and there was no significant correlation between harvesting time and cooking quality,soluble sugar content and fructose content,but there was significant or extremely significant correlation between harvesting time and 30 d after pollination.Fructose content is the key physiological and biochemical index suitable for elastic fresh harvesting of fresh waxy corn.7.Compared with traditional fertilization methods,the yield of some tested varieties increased by adding organic fertilizer and plant immune inducer,but they did not reach significance level.The effects of adding organic fertilizer and plant immune inducer on the cooking quality of fresh waxy corn ears and optimum harvesting days of fresh ears were different according to varieties and different picking periods;the cooking quality could be significantly or extremely significantly improved only in a few harvesting periods;It had no obvious promotion effect on prolonging the optimum harvesting period. |
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