| Jiusan Administration is located in the west of Heilongjiang Province,one of the three major black soil belts in the world.Soybeans were cultivated here for more than 70 years and is honored as the"Green Soybean Capital of China".However,due to the irrational use of water resources and chemical fertilizers in recent years,agricultural water shortage,soil erosion,unbalanced nutrition in soil posed threat to the national food security.In order to explore the rational and efficient utilization of water and fertilizer,and better realize low cost and high yield,drip irrigation technology is introduced in this paper.The intelligent drip irrigation system can capture the overall operation of the whole system on the user’s mobile phone or cloud,and conduct real-time data collection and analysis on the operation status of each valve and field elements in the system.At the same time,it can remotely control the start and stop of each control valve.Real-time remote automation irrigation and wheel irrigation plan execution.Under the precise fertilization of drip irrigation system,water and fertilizer waste can be effectively avoided,evaporation between trees can be reduced,and irrigation cycle can be shortened while remote control of drip irrigation system can be realized.The test site is located in Heshan Farm Science and Technology Park,Jiusan Administration Bureau,Nenjiang City,Heilongjiang Province.The total area of the test area is4800m~2,and the area of each test block is 100m~2.In drip irrigation,three test blocks were used as a group for wheel irrigation.In the experiment scheme,D-416 optimal saturation design was adopted,and five levels of N,P,K and W were set respectively to carry out field experiments of soybean water and fertilizer regulation under drip irrigation.The effects of different water and fertilizer treatments on soybean growth and development indexes,yield,yield components and water use efficiency under drip irrigation were studied by comparison and regression analysis.The main research work in this paper includes the following parts:(1)Different water and fertilizer treatments under drip irrigation made differences in the growth morphology of soybeans.In order to further explore the effect of nutrient and water absorption and utilization on soybean plants,this paper recorded four growth stages of soybeans at seedling stage,branching stage,flowering stage and pod stage,and randomly selected 5 soybeans in each plot(diagonal plus center point,not side line)for observation.Plant height,stem diameter and leaf area index were recorded and analyzed.(2)In order to explore the effects of regulating irrigation amount,nitrogen fertilizer,potassium fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer on soybean yield under drip irrigation,this paper set five levels for four factors according to the quadratic D4-16 optimal saturation design,and established a coupling model between soybean yield and four factors through field test data.The main factor effect analysis,single factor effect analysis,single factor marginal effect analysis,two factor interaction effect analysis and optimal high yield analysis were carried out respectively for the model and its sub-model.(3)The TOPSIS model based on entropy weight can take advantage of the nature of entropy to quantify the subjective information based on the decision maker’s experience and the intrinsic information of the selected scheme for multi-objective decision evaluation.In this paper,the TOPSIS model was used to analyze the component factors of soybean yield.The results showed that the contribution rate of each component factor to soybean yield was as follows:seed number per plant>pod number per plant>100 seed weight>grain weight per plant.This model can provide a new idea and method for the evaluation of water-fertilizer coupling scheme.(4)In order to achieve better water and fertilizer saving with relatively high yield,a coupling model between water use efficiency and the four factors was established by controlling the input of irrigation amount,nitrogen fertilizer,phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer when the irrigation amount was between 1500 and 6000m~3.By analyzing this model and its sub-models,we can know that:When urea,diamine,potassium fertilizer and irrigation amount were 73.22kg/hm~2,163.74kg/hm~2,169.53kg/hm~2and 3607.2m~3/hm~2respectively,soybean could reach the maximum water use efficiency,that is the optimal water use efficiency scheme was 0.861kg/m~3.Farmers can choose one of the two modes with the highest yield and the highest water use efficiency according to the actual local conditions,which can be widely promoted and applied in Jiusan Administration Bureau and surrounding farms. |
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