| In recent years,the use of Fritillaria ussuriensis has continued to rise significantly,and the market price of Fritillaria ussuriensis has also risen with the substantial growth of market demand.Therefore,driven by the interest,more than 70 cities,counties and hundreds of villages in the three provinces of Northeast China have large-scale planting.So far,it has become the main source of income for many laborer families in the forest farm.Because the sowing performance of Fritillaria ussuriensis seeding machinery and its adaptability to complex ground conditions are not good at present,it is necessary to develop a seeder that can meet the requirements of Fritillaria ussuriensis seed and improve the working performance of the seeder.According to the agronomic requirements of Fritillaria ussuriensis and the structural characteristics of the existing root crop seeder,a chain spoon type Fritillaria ussuriensis planter was designed.The main research contents are as follows:(1)Experimental study on the material characteristics of Fritillaria ussuriensis seedTwo kinds of Fritillaria ussuriensis seed(flat spherical and peach-shaped Fritillaria platyphylloides)widely planted in Heilongjiang were selected to study the material characteristics,and the basic material characteristics such as triaxial size,arithmetic mean diameter,geometric mean diameter,sphericity,100 grain weight,density and volume were measured.The simple measuring device and universal test measuring machine were built manually.The data of each parameter of Fritillaria ussuriensis seed were determined,which provided reference for the design of chain spoon type planter and theoretical basis for the setting of numerical values in simulation.(2)Optimization design and analysis of spoon type seed harvester and its key componentsAs one of the important parts of the seed seeder,the structure and working principle of the seed seeder directly affect the quality of seeding.As the key parts of the seed seeder,the seed spoon and seed chain were selected and designed,and the speed range of the seed seeder was determined.Then,with Fritillaria ussuriensis seed as the research object,the model of seed platter was imported into EDEM for simulation analysis.The influence of locomotive travelling speed,seed platter speed and spoon diameter on the pass rate was studied by combining single factor test and multi-factor test.Finally,data were obtained and the chart was optimized using Expert-Design and SPSS software.The test results show that the traveling speed of the locomotive is 1.80km/h,the rotation speed of the seed separator is 32.04r/min,and the diameter of the spoon is 41.20 mm.Under the parameter combination,the qualified rate was 85.58%,and the seed uniformity was the best.(3)Selection and design of the components of the Fritillaria ussuriensis seedAccording to the agronomic requirements of Fritillaria ussuriensis seed,the whole structure of the chain spoon type Fritillaria ussuriensis seed was determined,the main structure and working principle of the whole machine were studied,and the type selection design was carried out on the box ditcher,crushing roller,soil covering device and frame.The statics analysis was carried out on the ditcher,and finally the prototype was processed and manufactured.(4)Field performance test of chain spoon type flat fritillaria seederIn the field experiment,the coefficient of variation of the consistency of each line displacement,the coefficient of variation of the stability of the total displacement,the damage rate,the uniformity of seeding and other index parameters of the seeder were measured.The test results showed that the four properties were in line with the national technical standards.Finally,the sowing depth was measured and compared to meet the requirements of the Fritillaria ussuriensis. |
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