| With the high-quality development of economic society and ecological construction,the demand for precious tree species and their materials is increasing.Beech(Zelkova schneideriana)as Guizhou local precious timber tree species,its tree appearance is tall and dignified,wood texture,moisture resistance,belong to the same time,beech bark and leaves can also be medicinal,fully explore and use of beech resources,can promote the development of economy and society.However,few previous studies have reported beech growth performance,branching habits and their pruning techniques under different topographic conditions,therefore,In order to promote the high-quality development of the precious tree species industry in Guizhou Province,To produce higher economic,social,and ecological benefits,In this study,the5-year beech plantation in Pingtang County,Guizhou,By monitoring the growth and development of beech plantations under different topographic conditions,Explore the influence of topographic conditions on the growth of beech plantation;4 pruning strength levels at the same site,Carry out the pruning test,To reveal the response of ground diameter,DH,tree height,crown amplitude,branching habit and biomass to different pruning strength,Select the technical measures suitable for the pruning of beech tree plantation in the mountainous area of Guizhou province,It provides theoretical basis and necessary technical support for the large-scale cultivation of beech wood forest in the future.The main results of the study are as follows:(1)The influence of small topography on the growth of the ground diameter,DBH diameter,tree height,crown area and its biomass accumulation were obvious(p<0.05).The ground diameter,breast diameter,tree height and crown area of the beech trees growing in the flat plot have the best growth performance,second in valley conditions,and the ridge is the most unfavorable for the growth of beech trees.The above indicators are 2.19 times,2.51 times,1.91 times and 6.46 times of the ridge,respectively.In terms of total biomass,the flat biomass accumulation was the highest,followed by valleys,and the ridge was the most unfavorable to the accumulation of beech juvenile biomass,which is four times different from the ground.In the monitoring of the annual growth of 5a beech,it was found that the ground diameter,breast diameter,tree height and crown length were significantly different(p<0.05),The annual growth of beech diameter,DBH,tree height and crown width was the largest under the condition of flat land,followed by valley and ridge,which were 3.05 times,1.52 times,2.89 times and 2.8 times of that of ridge,respectively.(2)There were significant differences in branch height,branch number,branch length and branch base diameter of Zelkova among different small terrains(p<0.05),but no significant differences in branch Angle(p>0.05).In terms of height under branches,number of branches,length of branches and base diameter of branches,it is as follows: flat land > valley > ridge.The horizontal location is 1.91 times,1.75 times,2.94 times,2.32 times of the ridge.In monitoring the growth of 5a beech sapling years,it was found that different terrain had significant effects on the lower height,branch number,branch length and base diameter year of beech branches(p<0.05).The lower height,branch number,branch length and base diameter year of beech branches were the largest under flat ground conditions,followed by valley and ridge.The horizontal location is 3.21 times,3.88 times,6.25 times and 2.86 times of the ridge.(3)Different slope positions had a significant effect on the growth of beech diameter,DH and tree height(p<0.05),and no significant effect on crown amplitude(p>0.05).The ground diameter and DDB growth showed the middle slope> downhill slope> uphill slope,and the uphill diameter and DB growth accounted for 73.75% and 65.07% of the middle slope,respectively.The tree height increased with the decline of the slope level was the best growth,and the middle slope was the worst,and the height of the uphill slope only accounted for73.37% of the downhill slope.In terms of biomass accumulation,the biomass of root,stem,slope,leaf biomass,and total biomass.The total biomass at the middle slope was 2.01 times the uphill slope.In monitoring the annual growth of5 a beech,it was found that the ground diameter,crown amplitude and breast size were all the middle slope> downhill slope> uphill slope,and the ground diameter,crown amplitude and breast diameter were 2.77 times,5.77 times and1.45 times that of the uphill slope,respectively.The difference in high annual growth was not significant.(4)Different slope positions had significant effects on the height,number of branches,branch length and branch base diameter of beech(p<0.05),but no difference on the growth of beech(p>0.05).The height of the middle slope,the number of branches,the length of branches and the base diameter reached the maximum,and the lower slope increased 68.55%,15.94%,104.03% and65.54% than the upper slope respectively.In the monitoring of the annual growth of 5a beech saplings,it was found that the high annual growth of beech saplings was> downhill slope,and the middle slope was 3.35 times that of the upper slope.With the largest number of branches,the length of branches and the base diameter of the branches,the downhill slope was 2.13 times,9 times and3.82 times of the upper slope,respectively.(5)4 pruning treatments(CK(no pruning),1 / 4,1 / 3,1 / 2)significantly affected the annual growth of ground diameter,DBH,tree height and canopy of beech saplings in the 5a beech plantation(p<0.05).The annual growth rate of beech saplings under different treatments was shown as: CK> 1 / 3 treatment >1 / 4 treatments> 1 / 2 treatment.The annual increase of the pruned beech trees was 1.43 times the average of the other three pruning treatments.The third trees had the highest annual increase,increasing 16.07%,27.45% and 66.67% over 1 /4,1 / 2 and CK treatments,respectively.The largest crown area,1.33,1.14,and1.23 times of CK,1 / 4,and 1 / 2 treatments,respectively.The root biomass and overall biomass of beech trees were 1 / 4 treatments> CK> 1 / 3 treatment> 1 / 2pruning,1.37 and 1.26 times 1 / 2 treatments,respectively.The trunk,branch and leaf biomass showed CK> 1 / 4 treatment> 1 / 3 treatment> 1 / 2 treatment,with CK treatment 1.09 times,2.98 times,and 1.91 times higher than 1 / 2treatment,respectively.(6)In terms of branch number,1 / 3 had the most branches,1 / 4 had the least branches,and 1 / 2 and CK treatments had similar effects.In terms of shoot length,the effect of the four treatments was not significant(p>0.05).From the shoot base diameter,CK treatment was the largest,followed by 1 / 3 treatments,1 / 4 and 1 / 2 treatments.Among the four pruning treatments,the difference in branch length was not obvious,the branch base diameter was the largest,and the third treatment promoted the beech branch.To sum up,the growth and development of beech saplings is closely related to the terrain conditions,the soil layer of the flat ground and middle slope is thicker,superior water and fertilizer,light,the growth performance of beech trees is better.When the beech forest is built in the mountainous area of Guizhou,in order to improve productivity,it is appropriate to choose the ground and middle slope for beech planting.Reasonable pruning strength contributes to the growth of beech saplings and the formation of high quality dry material,in the test period,under the 1 / 3 pruning strength beech saplings grow most appropriate,1 / 4 pruning strength under the growth of beech saplings is appropriate,but should not take excessive pruning measures,pruning strength 1/ 2 pruning will cause to the growth and development of beech saplings not easy to repair damage.Further monitoring regarding the long-term effects of pruning on beech trees. |
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