Wang Longxi’s "Wu" Thought Study

This article analyzes Longxi’s "Wu".Thought,which directly comes from Yangming’s revelation of "Neither Good Nor Evil".The consistency between Neither Good Nor Evil and the best kind is the foundation of understanding that there is Neither Good Nor Evil.The The best kind,which is interpreted by Yangming as the fundamental criterion,must require itself to be without content.There is no stipulation in the meaning of Neither Good Nor Evil,no stagnation in form,perfect harmony in realm,and the best kind contain each other.Yangming used Neither Good Nor Evil and the best kind to describe Mind and nature.The best kind focuses on the aspect of existence,showing the sufficiency of Mind itself,and explaining its moral meaning.The Neither Good Nor Evil focuses on the activity side,showing the emptiness of Mind itself and the lack of stagnation in activities.The Neither Good Nor Evil of nature does not contradict the traditional theory of good nature.Yangming’s revelation of Neither Good Nor Evil is the necessity of logical development,the necessity of ontology construction,the necessity of theory construction,and the necessity of cultural integration.Longxi developed Yangming’s Wu from one to four,and developed Wu from two aspects.In terms of ontology,the emptiness and silence of the ontology is constructed.Longxi said that stillness contains movement,that is depends on inaction.Emptiness is a state in which the mind is full of principles.The emptiness of the ontology also involves the relationship with all things.This relationship can only be correctly understood with the help of the theory of all things from the qi under the premise that the Innate Knowledge of the Good is aura.Secondly,Longxi developed the dimension of the Innate Knowledge of the Good that there is no right or wrong.Yangming reduced the Innate Knowledge of the Good to the heart of right and wrong,and related it with the feelings of like and dislike.Longxi followed this line of thinking and further developed,pointed out that the basis for the Innate Knowledge of the Good to know right and wrong is there is no right or wrong.Finally,there is presenting the Knowledge of the Good.On the basis of Xiangshan and Yangming’s thoughts on the perfection of ontology in the world of phenomena,Longxi further changed his horizons,and proposed the concept of"xian zai liang zhi",which is slightly different from "xian cheng liang zhi".It not only insists on the essential identity of the Innate Knowledge of the Good and the Innate Knowledge of the Good in the current phenomenon,but also emphasizes that the perceptual perception expressed by the Innate Knowledge of the Good in the current phenomenon is often mixed with opinions and emotional knowledge in the actual state,which is quite different from the Innate Knowledge of the Good.And this is Longxi’s consistent position.In terms of Gongfu,for Zhuzi’s system of Gongfu theory,which was first developed by studying things,Yangming proposed the theory of.Sincerity in Gongfu.In order to solve the problems brought about by the deepening of Sincerity,the focus of Yangming’s theory of Gongfu in his later years shifted from Sincerity to Realizing the Innate Knowledge of the Good.This change brings two problems:the logical sequence of Realizing the Innate Knowledge of the Good and Sincerity,and the question of whether one can work hard on the ontology.Therefore,Longxi takes Rectifying the Heart-and-Mind and Sincerity as the two paths of Realizing the Innate Knowledge of the Good.In the two paths,Longxi tends to be Rectifying the Heart-and-Mind,and through the comparison of Rectifying the Heart-and-Mind and Sincerity,the superiority of the former is highlighted.However,the excessive separation of the two led to a sparse study style,and Longxi,who realized this,combined the two closely with One-Moment Awareness.In addition,Longxi also discussed the form of Rectifying the Heart-and-Mind,which include belief,enlightenment and maintain.In the middle and late Ming academic circles,there were many controversies about Longxi’s thoughts related to " Wu",mainly focusing on three points:First,Neither Good Nor Evil.In theory,it violates the theory of good nature,and in practice,it confuses good and evil.These doubts are not valid in theory,but in practice,they are motivated by the motive of alerting the world and should be viewed in a correct way.The second is that The Innate Knowledge of the Good is perfectly presented in the current phenomenal world.Nie Shuangjiang,Luo Nianan and Wang Longxi had a heated debate on this,but the two sides of the debate had different ideas and could not understand each other.The third is the Rectifying the Heart-and-Mind.The point of the accusation is that it ignores the effort.This accusation is aimed at its abuses and consequences,and the two sides have different understandings of the Gongfu.The constructiveness of Longxi’s theory to later generations is reflected in the emphasis on "Ji" and the revelation of Gongfu theory that directly grasps the ontology.Weakness and destructiveness are reflected in the threat to established moral norms,the indulgence caused by the confusion of The Innate Knowledge of the Good and emotion,and the neglect of evil.