| The Ming Dynasty is an era with active literary thoughts.Along the development of commodity economy and the expansion of the civil class,the intervention of new cultural trends,new cultural trends and social styles intervened,leading to a gradual change in the value orientation of literature.Traditional poetry sought new outlets,novels,folk songs and operas which were not considered as refined art,are gradually appreciated.At that time,the citizens on the stage of history interacted with scholars,the secularization of Confucianism and the human nature of market customs reflected each other,and the thought of taking literature as drama and literature as teaching intertwined with each other.Feng Menglong,a popular literary figure at the time,was a combination of contradictions.As a gifted scholar,he explored a new way of literary creation with the standard of "vulgarity".As a Confucian official who comforted the heart and the world,he returned to the aesthetic of emotion,justice and appropriateness with the pursuit of"elegance".The idea of "adapting to vulgarity" and the idea of "transforming vulgarity"from vulgarity to elegance coexist through the connection of "emotion and education",which constitutes his unique view of popular literature between vulgarity and elegance.The vernacular novel San Yan,the folk song collection Shan Ge and Gua Zhier,the drama collection The Legend of Mohan Zhai,the note sketches Love History,Think Tank,Gu Jin Tan Gai and Xiao Fu all embody his popular literature view of "adapting to vulgarity" and"transforming vulgarity".Based on the creation and adaptation of Feng Menglong’s San Yan,folk songs,operas and note sketches,combined with his social environment and his contradictory life experience,this study tries to analyze the background of the formation of the popular literature view of "adapting to vulgarity" and "transforming vulgarity",explore his view of elegance and customs,and clarify his way of harmonizing vulgarity and elegance and his view of popular literature,Explore the specific performance of the concept of popular literature in literary practice,and reveal the impact of its concept of popular literature on future generations.This study expounds Feng Menglong’s view of popular literature from five aspects:Chapter one:the rise of popular literature in the Ming Dynasty.With the development of commodity economy and the growth of citizen class in the Ming Dynasty,the proportion of popular literature in commercial publishing increased,and the trend of popular literature Rose:citizens and scholar bureaucrats became the literary audience together;The concept of literati group changed,and the middle and lower literati devoted themselves to the creation of popular literature;Literature began to focus on the theme of citizen class and pay attention to citizen life.These factors jointly promoted the prosperity of municipal literature in the Ming Dynasty.Feng Menglong has not only experienced the secular life and feelings,but also the frustration of science field and has made friends with literary people.His complexed life experience has made him from elegance to vulgarity,and from vulgarity to elegance.His view of popular literature came into being,matured and put into practice under the intertwined influence of the era environment and personal destiny.Chapter two:Feng Menglong’s view of elegance and vulgarity.Feng Menglong has not clearly defined "vulgarity" and "elegance",but it is not difficult to sort out his basic definition and explanation of "vulgarity" and "elegance" through the scattered theoretical elaboration in the preface,commentary and criticism of his works and referring to the specific literary practice.Feng Menglong’s "vulgarity" not only points to the habits,emotions and instincts of the civil class,including human customs,language customs,affairs customs and feelings customs,but also points to the vulgar side of the civil class,that is,the human desire beyond the normal social norms and reasonable desires.Feng Menglong’s "elegance" is opposite to "vulgarity".It takes elegance and integrity as the core,including "not startling vulgarity" in thought and behavior,"not startling ears" in language and speech,and "not sad" in aesthetic taste.Chapter three:the adjustment of vulgarity and elegance and Feng Menglong’s view of popular literature.Feng Menglong "touches the inner ear" through the "appropriate vulgarity" of reaching the "truth" of the supreme feeling,suiting the "interest" of the citizens,describing the "strange" of the commonplace,and "transforming vulgarity"through the education of the end of the song,the integration of the interests and aspirations of the literati,and the expression of elegant language.The "emotion education" of the temperament of ethics is just the connection between Feng Menglong’s concept of"adapting to customs" and the concept of "transforming customs" from raising customs to elegance,trying to achieve an aesthetic realm of intertwined emotion and reason,which is natural in reason and natural in emotion.Chapter four:Feng Menglong’s view of popular literature and its literary practice.Feng Menglong’s creation and adaptation are clearly connected with his popular literature view of "adapting to customs" and "transforming customs".From the perspective of novel theory and creation,he made an attempt to combine elegance and vulgarity in the content and theme,artistic structure and novel language,and pursued the realm of suiting vulgarity and playing elegance.From the perspective of folk song theory and editing,he takes into account the shallow vulgarity and elegant wit of sangjianpu.He not only follows the true mode of "feeling its nature",but also has the romantic minor of "feeling its nature".He not only pays attention to the true feelings of men and women,but also teaches by feeling.From the perspective of opera adaptation and creation,he takes the educational thought of"loyalty and righteousness first" as the core.He not only requires considerable plots,but also pursues beautiful words and handsome sounds.He adheres to the language of "true color" and "being a professional" and attaches importance to stage performance art at the same time.From the theory and creation of note sketches,he entertained people with his short chapter sketches,and implied the painstaking and profound intention of persuading the world to cure corruption.Chapter five:the influence of Feng Menglong’s view of popular literature on later generations.Feng Menglong brought the thoughts and interests of literati into the creation of vernacular script,which promoted the humanization of vernacular script.He opened a new literary paradigm of the combination of elegance and vulgarity,set an example for future generations and has a far-reaching influence.The folk aesthetic values of "vulgar beauty,truth and rationality" built by him have played a positive role in infecting and educating the world and even future generations from the pursuit of extravagance and pleasure to simplicity and frankness. |
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