Development And Evolution Of Prehistoric Arrowheads In Zheng Luo Area

The prehistoric arrowheads in Zheng Luo area not only have a large number and long duration,but also have rich materials and various shapes.However,relevant systematic combing and special research have not been seen.In this paper,the prehisto ric remains of arrowheads unearthed in the region are collected as comprehensively as possible.Taking typology as the research method,the stone arrowheads,bone(horn)arrowheads and clam arrowheads are classified and analyzed in order to clarify their respective development and evolution laws,spatial distribution characteristics,and the relationship between them.On this basis,this paper attempts to establish the staging and chronological sequence of prehistoric arrowheads in the region.Finally,through the simulation experiment,and from the perspective of social change,further explore the motivation of arrowhead development and evolution.The main content of this paper is divided into seven chapters:The first chapter is introduction.This part introduces the research object,the space-time scope,the research reasons,the research status,the research purposes and methods,and makes supplementary explanations for relevant problems.The second chapter is the shape and evolution of prehistoric sto ne arrowheads in Zheng Luo area.Firstly,the manufacturing method,collar characteristics and arrowhead body shape are used as the classification criteria of stone arrowheads.The results of type analysis show that the triangular stone arrowheads,triangular front column body cone collar stone arrowheads and quadrangular stone arrowheads should be new shapes in the second stage of Miaodigou culture,and are generally popular in the third stage of Wangwan culture,with significant chronological significance.The third chapter is the shape and evolution of prehistoric bone(horn)arrowheads in Zheng Luo area.Bone(horn)arrowheads are classified according to the characteristics of collar,whether they have wings and the shape of arrowhead body.It is found th at most types of triangular bone(horn)arrowheads,triangular front column body cone collar bone(horn)arrowheads and quadrangular bone(horn)arrowheads appear in the second stage of Miaodigou culture,and the first two types are the mainstream forms in the third stage of Wangwan culture.The number and proportion of oblate bone(horn)arrowheads and cone bone(horn)arrowheads commonly seen in the past decreased obviously at this stage.The fourth chapter is the shape and evolution of prehistoric musse l arrowheads in Zheng Luo area.The classification of mussel arrowheads is based on the characteristics of collar,whether they have wings and the shape of arrowhead body.The shapes of clam arrowheads are mainly imitated from stone arrowheads and bone(hor n)arrowheads,and oyster arrowheads have been dominant for a long time.The fifth chapter is the relationship between prehistoric stone arrowheads,bone(horn) arrowheads and clam arrowheads in Zheng Luo area.In terms of quantity proportion,stone arrowheads are negatively correlated with bone(horn)arrowheads and positively correlated with mussel arrowheads.In terms of shape,flat stone arrowhead with no obvious boundary between arrowhead body and collar,triangular stone arrowhead,flat clam arrowhead with unclear boundary between arrowhead body and collar,and triangular clam arrowhead shall be imitated from bone(horn)arrowhead.The inheritance relationship between triangular front column body cone collar stone arrowhead and triangular front column body cone collar bone(horn)arrowhead is still uncertain.The inheritance relationship between quadrangular arrowhead and quadrangular bone(horn)arrowhead is also still uncertain.And the cone in clam arrowhead should also be imitated from bone(horn)arrowhead.The sixth chapter is the stages of prehistoric arrowheads in Zheng Luo area.Based on the typological analysis of the above chapters,the development of stone arrowheads is divided into four stages,bone(horn)arrowheads is divided into three stages and clam arrowheads is divided into two stages.Generally speaking,prehistoric arrowheads in Zhengluo area may be divided into four periods.The seventh chapter is the causes of the development and evolution of prehistoric arrowheads in Zheng Luo area.The results of imitation and shooting experiments of stone arrowheads and bone(horn)arrowheads show that prehistoric humans preferred to make triangular arrowheads and triangular front column cone collar arrowheads with short time-consuming,long range and strong penetration in the third stage of Wangwan culture with frequent wars and tense social relations.Moreover,since the late Yangshao culture,due to the strong impact of Haidai area and Jianghan area,diamond-shaped stone arrowheads appeared in Zheng Luo area.Finally,the conclusion part summarizes the contents of this paper.