Development And Preliminary Application Of The Self-efficacy Scale For Hospice Car

As an important social phenomenon,a good death has always been an important research topic in sociology,psychology,medicine,anthropology and other fields.As a dynamic subjective concept,although different cultural backgrounds have different views on a good death,the attributes of a good death still have the same connotation even in different cultural backgrounds,such as not suffering from pain,not being a burden to others,and dying with dignity.An individual’s choice of life style can affect whether he or she can have a good death.Therefore,a good death can be understood as a behavior that an individual can obtain through efforts,which can be combined with self-efficacy.Self-efficacy of a good death is the embodiment of self-efficacy in the field of a good death.Self-efficacy of a good death refers to people’s evaluation of their confidence in a good death according to their current life status,and it is people’s subjective judgment on whether they can have a good death.So far,no domestic researchers have conducted research on individuals’ sense of self-efficacy of a good death.In this study,a scale of self-efficacy of a good death under the background of Chinese traditional culture was compiled and the self-compiled scale was preliminarily applied.Study 1 was divided into study 1a and Study 1b.Based on the activation diffusion model,study 1a took "good death" as the target word and asked the subjects to conduct free association.Words with high association frequency included "good beginning and ending","natural death","no pain and suffering","happy ending","fulfillment","kindness","no regrets","peace","family companionship","full house of children and grandchildren".Based on study 1a,study 1b uses semi-structured interviews to understand the theme of a good death.Combined with the two parts of the study,a good death includes physiological needs,psychological needs,spiritual needs and social needs four dimensions.On the basis of study 1,Study 2 compiled the preliminary measurement scale in strict accordance with the principle of questionnaire compilation.After the initial measurement scale was tested,item analysis of the data was carried out and 2 items were deleted.After exploratory factor analysis of the remaining items,a formal scale of self-efficacy of good death with 22 items was finally established,including four dimensions of physical good death,psychological good death,spiritual and social good death.After the formal scale was tested,the reliability and validity test and confirmatory factor analysis were carried out.The results showed that the self-compiled scale had good reliability and validity,and the confirmatory factor analysis model fit well.In Study 3,the self-designed scale of self-efficacy of good death was preliminarily applied,which was divided into study 3a and study 3b.Study 3a investigated the good-death self-efficacy of Chinese people,and the results showed that gender,death of relatives,chronic disease,spiritual belief,family monthly income,age and education level had significant or partially significant differences in each dimension of the good-death self-efficacy scale and the total score of the scale.Study 3b explored the relationship among individuals’ sense of meaning of life,level of death anxiety and sense of self-efficacy of a good death,and the research results showed that sense of meaning of life,death anxiety and sense of self-efficacy of a good death were pin-wise correlated.The sense of meaning of life can significantly predict the sense of death anxiety and the sense of self-efficacy of good death,and the death anxiety plays a partial mediating role between the sense of meaning of life and the sense of self-efficacy of good death.To sum up,the psychological structure of the representation of a good death was obtained,compiled a scale of self-efficacy of a good death,and investigated the current situation of Chinese people’s self-efficacy of a good death and the relationship among the sense of life meaning,death anxiety and self-efficacy of a good death.To some extent,this study enriched the research content of good death and provided a tool for measuring self-efficacy of good death.