A Comparative Study Of Discourse Markers "Zhijian(只见)" And "Danjian(但见)"

This paper takes the discourse markers"Zhijian(只见)"and"Danjian(但见)"as the research object,and uses the relevant theories of discourse markers and lexicalization to make a systematic comparative study of the discourse markers"Zhijian(只见)"and"Danjian(但见)"from the diachronic and synchronic levels.From the diachronic point of view,the origin,formation and evolution process,as well as the motivation and mechanism of evolution are retrospectively analyzed.On the synchronic plane,qualitative and quantitative methods are adopted to investigate and compare the discourse markers"Zhijian(只见)"and"Danjian(但见)"from three aspects,namely,syntactic,semantic and pragmatic.In addition to the introduction and conclusion,the main content of the full text is divided into four chapters.The first chapter examines the formation and evolution of discourse markers"Zhijian(只见)"and"Danjian(但见)",and discusses the motivation and mechanism of the evolution.Firstly,the origin and evolution of discourse markers"Zhijian(只见)"and"Danjian(但见)"are reviewed,and their formation and evolution process is summarized into three stages:verb phrases with visual meaning are first lexicalized into verbs after semantic simplification,which are widely used in novels and further evolved into discourse markers.Secondly,it discusses the motivation and mechanism of their formation and evolution.The motivation of their evolution is the characteristics of visual verbs,the change of syntactic environment and the high frequency of use,and the mechanism of their evolution mainly includes subjectivism,interactive subjectivism and metaphor.Although their grammaticalization process is roughly the same,there are still differences in the specific evolutionary path and degree of grammaticalization.The second chapter is the syntactic comparison between"Zhijian(只见)"and"Danjian(但见)".Starting from three aspects of syntactic position,the focusing mode of subsequent sentences and the connection of personal pronouns,combined with the problem of"perspective"concerned by cognitive linguistics,the author uses personal pronouns and adverbs showing accidents as test means to investigate the syntactic commonalities and differences of"Zhijian(只见)"and"Danjian(但见)".It can be seen that"Zhijian(只见)"and"Danjian(但见)"have commonalities in syntactic position,formal characteristics of subsequent sentences and connection of personal pronouns:both can be located at the beginning and in the middle of a sentence;The following elements are mainly descriptive verbs,noun phrases or clauses;Often paired with third person pronouns.At the same time,the two are different in the syntactic logical connection relation and the focusing mode of the subsequent sentence:"Zhijian(只见)"can be used in the logical relation of the sequential connection and the reverse connection,and the focusing mode has two kinds of telephoto lens and wide-angle lens,while"Dan Jian(但见)"is almost only used for the observation of the sequential connection and wide-angle lens.The third chapter is the semantic analysis and comparison of"Zhijian(只见)"and"Danjian(但见)".Their semantic commonality is that they can represent"only see""see"and procedural meaning.The semantic difference between the two is that"Zhijian(只见)"can mean"only"meaning,but"Dan Jian(但见)"has no such usage;"Zhijian(只见)"subjective meaning degree is higher,"Dan Jian(但见)"is relatively low;"Zhijian(只见)"event sudden meaning of high degree of adaptation,"Dan Jian(但见)"is lower.Chapter four explores the pragmatic functions of discourse markers"Zhijian(只见)"and"Danjian(但见)",which can be divided into metalinguistic functions and discourse organization functions:metalinguistic functions include highlighting or emphasizing information content and marking the speaker’s subjective attitude and understanding,while discourse organization functions include cohesive and coherent functions,thematic marking functions and scene introduction functions.Based on the comparison of pragmatic functions of"Zhijian(只见)"and"Danjian(但见)",it is pointed out that the main pragmatic functions of the two are discourse organization function,in which"Zhijian(只见)"is more obvious in highlighting unexpected function and indexing subjective evaluation,while"Dan Jian(但见)"is weaker.