A Study On The Spatial Poetics Of Dostoevsky's Late Work

The fascinating philosophical and social topics in Dostoevsky’s novels arise in a specific time and space background,but he himself is a writer who is detached from the times and extremely cosmopolitan.As far as the writer’s ideological space is concerned,he has two motherland,Western Europe and Russia.Just like his own evaluation of Pushkin,European culture is also deeply saturated with his artistic creation.With the forced entry of Western European culture and capitalism,the sense of fracture and extreme instability are deposited in the cultural space and social space of Russia,while the quality of the country is not covered.Therefore,Petersburg,as the original scenery of his creation,is itself a multi-dimensional paradoxical space of culture,belief and morality.Urban scenery is mapped into literature,forming a series of "Petersburg Writing".The texture of Dostoevsky’s works shows how society is structured by space.At the same time,it also records and participates in the displacement of urban experience and rewrites the spiritual map of urban residents.In his early works,Dostoevsky’s writing of small and medium-sized people in cities is not only inherited from Pushkin and Gogol,but also different from them.At this time,his literary space is completely different from that of the naturalist school of physiology in the 1940 s.The characters have complex wisdom,rich inner life and spiritual pride,and are never submerged by urban space.In the later creation,the focus of attention on the city image in the early stage shifted,and the form and function of space construction changed.The reflexive self-reflection of characters expands into the field of individual mind.In the novels of this period,major events take place in eternal transcendental time and space.Urban physical space,social space and the world virtually divide individual living space and life experience,which alienates people’s feelings about the world and leads to the confrontation between characters and social space;They lose their true feeling of physical space and feel powerless about life practice,and become visionaries and experimenters.In this case,although residents live in cities,they can’t find their homes.It can be said that in Dostoevsky’s later novels,the duality connotation of space metaphysics and metaphysics can be displayed,which is closely related to the duality dilemma of characters’ survival.The thinking of the thesis will be based on the duality of the writer’s space writing,and the specific chapters will adopt the logic from asking questions to answering questions.The title of this paper is "A Study of Space Poetics in Dostoevsky’s Later Works".This thesis will take the space poetics in Dostoevsky’s later works as the research object,combine the writer’s life experience and the background of the times,adopt the method of text close reading,refer to the critical analysis of space and urban space in philosophy and sociology,and outline the characteristics of space poetics in Dostoevsky’s later works.According to the importance of the theme,I put the works at the beginning of "Notes on the Basement" into the scope of later creation.The text is divided into five parts: introduction,four chapters of the text,and conclusion.The first chapter will explore the characteristics of urban space in the writer’s later novels,and will focus on the survival dilemma of fantasist-type characters in social space.The first section will sort out the history of the establishment of Petersburg as a literary space around Dostoevsky’s life experience and creation.The second section focuses on "Basement Notes" and studies the spatial poetics of the survival mode of the character "Basement Man" based on the theory of complex conditioning.The second chapter revolves around Petersburg in "Crime and Punishment".The first section discusses the multicentric phenomenon of Petersburg’s social space,focusing on analyzing several locations with plot promotion and symbolic meaning.The second section discusses the phenomenon of time and space division that occurred to Raskolnikov in "Crime and Punishment",and further explores the reasons why fantasist-type characters are unable to cope with modern life.The third chapter will shift the perspective to Western Europe and discuss how rationalism and utilitarianism in Western Europe have deformed Russia’s social space.The first section revolves around the trial scene of Dmitri Karamazov and analyzes the unreasonable damage to human nature caused by the power space constituted by rationalism.The second section is based on the writer’s investigation of the urban space under the rule of utilitarianism,and discusses the writer’s social conception based on the Russian patriarchal tradition.The fourth chapter will return to Russia and explore the construction of the writer’s utopian ideals.The first section analyzes the reasons why the writer turned to the path of foundationalism.The second section takes Pushkin’s speech as a foothold and discusses Dostoevsky’s vision of Russia’s future utopia.Dostoevsky’s novels are characterized by modernism.However,the pursuit of ethics in his novel space can still be interpreted as a humanistic writer.