A Research On The Group Of The Officials Of Mishujian In Jin Dynasty

After the establishment of the Jin Dynasty,in order to rule the original Liao and Song regions of the people,the ruler with reference to the old system of Liao and Song gradually established a central political system with the characteristics of the Jurchen.As a part of the central political system of the Jin Dynasty,the Mishujian played an important role in managing official books and classics.The Mishujian,Mishushaojian,Mishucheng,Mishulang and Jiaoshulang became the custodians of of the Jin Dynasty books and canons.This paper analyzes the group characteristics of the Mishujian officials through the discussion of their ethnicity,origin and career.The Mishujian of the Jin Dynasty inherited the Mishujian system of the Tang,Song and Liao Dynasties,since the Tang Dynasty,the document management agencies increased,the Mishujian was impacted and its functions contracted,but it still played a role in the management and preservation of national books and canonical books;the Mishujian of the Song Dynasty also went through the functions of the "pavilion" divided,and finally regained control of the book;The Liao Dynasty basically inherited the Mishujian system of the Tang and Five Dynasties and developed.Mishujian development to the Jin dynasty,Taizong period borrowed from the old system of Liao and Song,Mishujian institutions may have appeared;Xizong period Mishujian institutions for the first time in the historical records;Hailing period Mishujian institutions tend to perfect,the grade of officials,the number of people,the functions of all determined,become the custom of the Jin generation;Shizong after are to Hailing period of additions and improvements,or change the number of officials,or change the affiliation.The Mishujian of the Jin Dynasty inherited the basic functions of collecting,proofreading and transcribing books from the Mishujian of the previous generation,and sometimes they also compiled and repaired the notes and history,and discussed with the emperor,and made suggestions for him.In addition,the officials of Mishujian also had the function of making missions to the Song Dynasty,celebrating the birthdays and paying tribute to the royal family and foreign relatives,and engraving tomb records.According to the author’s statistics,there is a history of the Jin Dynasty Mishujian of the officials for 54 people,of which 43 ethnicity can be tested,the origin of 26 people can be tested.Ethnic distribution is characterized by: the most Han Chinese,followed by the Jurchens,Khitan people,Xi people less;in the highest official in the Mishujian,the Jurchens have an absolute advantage,the power of the Mishujian in the hands of the clan as the core of the Jurchens.The main characteristics of the distribution of native places are uneven distribution.Zhongdu Road and Shangjing Road have more officials because of their superior political status and cultural and educational development level.Beijing Road,Shandong East Road,Hedong North Road,Shandong West Road,Hedong South Road and other roads have a good level of economic and cultural development,but their political status is a little lower,the aggregation effect is a little worse,and the number of officials is small.while Fengxiang Road,Shaanxi Yan Road,The number of officials is relatively small,while Fengxiang Road,Fuyan Road,Qingyuan Road and Lintao Road,which are influenced by the military and the region,have no officials.According to statistics,the number of Mishujian officials who can be examined in the way of entry is 32,and the way of entry of secretarial officials are five kinds of examination,including examination,post,officials based on the merits of his father and brother,hereditary,and surrender.Among them,the number of applicants to the imperial examination was the largest,which reflected that the Jin Dynasty rulers had certain requirements on the cultural quality of Mishujian officials.On the other hand,Jurchen occupied the largest proportion in hereditary mode,which reflected that the jurchens officials had more diversified ways of entry and received certain preferential treatment.From the perspective of transfer,part of the officials as a Mishujian before and after working in the book collection institutions,history institutions or the Hanlinyuan,the functions and text,books,mostly talented people;and move out of the official to promote the main,move out of the official for the central government,promotion grade to the third grade,gradually into the central institutions to become the core of the key,or flow out of the local high officials,as a transfer,detention.Finally,the group characteristics of the Mishujian officials are summarized,the Mishujian officials maintain the preferential treatment to the Jurchens and the requirements for the cultural quality of the officials,and the close relationship between the two departments is reflected in the fact that most of the officials of the Mishujian moved between the Mishujian and the Hanlinyuan.In general,the selection of Mishujian of the Jin Dynasty officials group fully reflects the ruling policy of the Jin rulers,both to maintain the right of the Jurchens in the cultural discourse,but also to promote the Jin Dynasty culture continues to develop.