| The research object of this paper is the dialect tones of the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties.From the perspective of geographical dialects,557 poets and prose writers,95 phonetic writers in Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties were divided into two periods,Wei,Jin and Song,and Qi,Liang and Chen according to nine dialects;mark the tones of 18,678 rhyming words in the poetry and prose works,2725 phonetic notes tones,match the pronunciation and meaning of the re-read words,compare them with the reverse cut phonetic pronunciation in \ "Guangyun\",and judge whether they are homophonic;In the end,933 characters with different tone,418 Allophonic note were obtained.Differences in phonology,analyze the internal and mutual similarities and differences of the tonal systems of the nine dialect areas,and summarize the tonal characteristics of each dialect area.After analysis and statistics,a total of 12,311 rhyming words appeared in the Wei,Jin and Song Dynasties of Jiangdong dialect area,and 230 rhyming words with different tone,accounting for 1.86%.Except for Xian She,all rhyming words appeared in different tone;there were 18,094 rhyming words in Qi,Liang and Chen period.There are 160 cases of discordant phase betting,accounting for 0.88%,and all sixteen She have discordant phase betting words.A total of 1331 rhyming words appeared in the Wei,Jin and Song Dynasties in the Guanxi dialect area,and 9 words with different tones,accounting for 0.68%,and there are different words with different tone in Zhi She,Guo She,Yu She,Tong She,Dang She,Geng She,and Shan She.There are 1080 rhyming words in Qi Liang and Chen period,and 8words with different tone,accounting for 0.74%,and there are different words with different tone in Yu She,Dang She,Jing She,Shan She,and Xie She.There are 18,307 rhyming characters in Zhongzhou dialect area during the Wei,Jin and Song Dynasties,and 273 different syllable characters,accounting for 1.49%.All sixteen She have different rhyming characters.There were 5,198 rhyming words in Qi Liang and Chen period,and 31 different rhyming words,accounting for 0.60%.Except for Tong She and Shen She,there are all the characters with different tone.In the Wei,Jin and Song Dynasties,Hebei dialect area has a total of 3369 rhyming characters,56 different-toned characters,accounting for 1.66%.Except for Zeng She,Shen She,and Xian She,there are different-toned characters;in Qi,Liang and Chen period,there are 1378 rhyming words and 9 different-toned words,accounting for 0.65%.There are different-toned words in Dang She,Zhen She,Xie She,Yu She,Liu She,and Zhi She.There are 5025 rhyming characters in the Wei,Jin and Song Dynasties of Qi dialect area,and 78 characters with different tone,accounting for 1.55%,With the exception of Xian She,there are characters with different tone and phase.A total of769 rhyming words appeared in the Qi,Liang,and Chen periods,and no rhyming words were found.In the Jingchu dialect area,there were 312 rhyming words in Wei,Jin and Song Dynasties,and 4 words with different tones,accounting for 1.28%.The words with different words appeared in Zhi She,Yu She,Tong She,and Dang She.During the period of Qi,Liang and Chen,there were 4,368 rhyming words,14 words with different tone,accounting for0.32%.There are 738 cases of rhyming words in the Wei,Jin and Song Dynasties in Huainan dialect area,10 of which are in different tone,accounting for 1.36%,Shan She,Zhen She,Geng She,and Dang She appear with different tone words.A total of 64 rhyming words appeared in the Qi,Liang and Chen periods,and no different syllable words were found.In the Nanyue dialect area,there were 2 rhyme characters in the Wei,Jin and Song Dynasties,and they were all in harmony with each other.There are 258 cases of rhyming words in Qi Liang and Chen period,5 of which are in different tone,accounting for 1.94%.Shan She and Dang She appear with different words.In the Wei,Jin and Song Dynasties of Liangyi dialect area,there were 740 rhyming characters and 46 different-toned characters,accounting for6.22%.Except for Guo She and Zeng She,there were different-toned characters.In the Jiangdong dialect area,in the Wei,Jin and Song Dynasties,the proportion of dissonance was 14.63%.Except for Tong She and Jiang She,there were dissonance.In the Jiangdong dialect area,the proportion of heterophonic notes in the Qi Liangchen period accounted for 16.65%,and all 15 photos showed heterophonic notes.In the Guanxi dialect area during the Wei,Jin and Song Dynasties,12.82% of the heterophonic notes were: Zhi,Xie,Yu,Liu,Zhen,Shan,Dang,and Deng She.In the Zhongzhou dialect area,the proportion of heterophonic notes in Wei,Jin and Song Dynasties accounted for 21.53%,except for Jiang She and Guo Jia She,which all appeared heterophonic notes.In the Qi Liang and Chen periods,there are no dissimilar notes.In the Wei,Jin and Song Dynasties of Hebei dialect area,10.50% of them are different tones,and those with different syllables are: Zhi,Xie,Yu,Liu,Xiao,Guo Jia,Zhen,Shan,Tong,Geng,Zhen She.In the Qi dialect area,in the Wei,Jin and Song Dynasties,10.88% of them were different tones,and all of them except Shen and Jiang She had different syllables.In the Wei,Jin and Song Dynasties,Jingchu dialect area accounted for 29.55% of the heterophonic notes,and the different notes were: Xie,Yu,Xiao,Guo Jia,Tong,and Shan She.In the Huainan dialect area,in Wei,Jin and Song Dynasties,25.64% of them are different tones,and the ones with different syllables are: Xie,Yu,Liu,Guo Jia,Geng,and Xian She.During the Wei,Jin and Song Dynasties,the Nanyue dialect area had no dissimilar tones.Two cases in the Wei,Jin and Song Dynasties of Liangyi dialect area are mixed notes of different tunes,which belong to Shan She.During the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties,there was a complete system of four tones of flat,up,out,and in,and it was constantly changing.In all dialect areas,the proportion of different tones in the Wei,Jin and Song Dynasties was higher than that in the Qi,Liang and Chen periods,indicating that the four tones in this period were The structure is approaching the development of the tone system of \ "Guangyun\".During the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties,there were a large number of dephonic characters,but they were still in the process of differentiation;poetry and prose used rhymes with yin-sound rhythms more than yang-sound rhymes.There is a mix of flat-up,flat-out,out-in,and up-out,and the phenomenon of going and flat-out is the most significant,and the flat-in and up-in are less mixed.During this period,the widespread mixing of the two tones of flat and out in various dialect areas proves that \ "Liangyi’s the flat-sound and out-sound are the same\" proposed by Lu Fayan.By the period of Qi,Liang and Chen,this mixed usage of leveling and flat-out had been gradually reduced,and it was not limited to Liang Yi.The three dialect areas of Jiangdong,Zhongzhou,and Liangyi have a higher proportion of different-tonal syllables than other dialects,and they are quite different from the\ "Guangyun\" system;but in general,the number of different-tone syllables in each dialect area does not exceed 3% in the total number of rhyming words.It can be seen that the four tones are strictly separated,and the tone system of the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties is less different from that of \ "Guangyun\".Out-sound,in-sound the mix phenomenon prevalent during this period,in the most significant Zhongzhou dialect,and mixed bet the number is significantly higher than in other dialects that the “Qinlong’s the out-sound and in-sound are the same.” The mixing of out-sound and in-sound is the mixture of Yin Sheng Yun.Out-sound are mixed with in-sounds,indicating that the Ru Sheng Yun characters are gradually changing to Yin Sheng Yun;the evolution speed of each dialect area is unbalanced,and this evolution has not been completed until the Qi Liang Chen period. |
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